NEW YORK WEST (Buffalo, Syracuse, Binghamton, Ithaca)
BUFFALO (pop 256,000, metro 1, 135,000)
Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York. It serves as a major gateway for commerce and travel across the Canadian border, forming part of the bi-national Buffalo Niagara Region and Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area.
The Buffalo area was inhabited before the 17th century by the Native American Iroquois tribe and later by French colonizers. The city grew significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of immigration, the construction of the Erie Canal and rail transportation, and its close proximity to Lake Erie. This growth provided an abundance of fresh water and an ample trade route to the Midwestern United States while grooming its economy for the grain, steel and automobile industries that dominated the city’s economy in the 20th century. Since the city’s economy relied heavily on manufacturing, deindustrialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to a steady decline in population. While some manufacturing activity remains, Buffalo’s economy has transitioned to service industries with a greater emphasis on healthcare, research and higher education, which emerged following the Great Recession.
Buffalo is on the eastern shore of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, 16 miles (26 km) south of Niagara Falls. Its early embrace of electric power led to the nickname “The City of Light”. The city is also famous for its urban planning and layout by Joseph Ellicott, an extensive system of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, as well as significant architectural works. It has two professional sports teams (Buffalo Bills and Buffalo Sabres), and a thriving and progressive music and arts scene.
Both these are in the NM “Modern Architecture Buildings” series.
Kleinhans Music Hall is a concert venue renowned for its acoustical excellence and graceful architecture. Kleinhans is currently the home of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra and the Buffalo Chamber Music Society, It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989 for its architecture, 49 years after its completion.
Kleinhans Music Hall offers two spaces for performances: the main auditorium with 2,441 seats and acoustically-informed design. The shape of the hall is such that audience members in the back rows of the balcony will have as clear and instantaneous of an auditory experience as the people in the front rows of the ground level. A 1:1.3 ratio was used in the design to achieve the most ideal acoustic. The austere colour palate and simple lines seen in the layout also serve to direct the audience to the music without distraction of ornate decoration.
The Mary Seaton Room has 700 seats and is well suited for chamber ensembles.
The Kleinhans family owned a successful men’s clothing company in Buffalo at the turn of the 20th century and left their entire estate of around $1 million to Buffalo with the request that the funds go to the development of a music hall. Upon its completion in 1940, the cost of construction reached $1.5 million.
Prudential (Guaranty) Building is an early skyscraper completed in 1896. As the Guaranty building was being drafted, Grover Cleveland was re-elected 22nd president of the United States. A former Erie County Sheriff, Cleveland had risen meteorically to mayor of Buffalo, governor of New York and then the presidency within five years. The supporting steel structure of the building was embellished with terra cotta blocks. Different styles of block delineated the three visible zones of the building.
The building is essentially a U-shaped plan stacked upon a rectangular solid. The interstitial spaces between wings of the “U” create opportunities to introduce skylights to the lobby below, and to cover the ceilings with stained glass. 
Ornament is one of the most defining characteristics of the Guaranty as “The entire façade of this building is clothed in ornament, like hieroglyphs on the columns and walls of temples in ancient Egypt.As was true of many older office buildings, the Guaranty Building was “modernized” during the mid-20th century. Fluorescent lighting, wood paneling and a dropped ceiling were installed in the historic lobby. The exterior storefronts were sheathed in fiberglass. A fire occurred in 1974, and by that time the building was dilapidated and threatened with demolition.
Niagara Falls is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge, spanning the border between the state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario. The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls, also known as Canadian Falls, which straddles the international border between Canada and the United States. The smaller American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls lie entirely within the United States. Bridal Veil Falls are separated from Horseshoe Falls by Goat Island and from American Falls by Luna Island, with both islands situated in New York as well.
Located on the Niagara River, which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, the combined falls have the highest flow rate of any waterfall in North America that has a vertical drop of more than 50 metres (160 ft). During peak daytime tourist hours, more than 168,000 m3 (six million cubic feet) of water goes over the crest of the falls every minute.
The falls are 27 kilometres (17 mi) north-northwest of Buffalo, and 121 kilometres (75 mi) south-southeast of Toronto, between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls was formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean.
Niagara Falls is famed both for its beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Balancing recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century.
The Horseshoe Falls drop about 57 metres (187 ft), while the height of the American Falls varies between 21 and 30 metres (69 and 98 ft) because of the presence of giant boulders at its base. The larger Horseshoe Falls are about 790 metres (2,590 ft) wide, while the American Falls are 320 metres (1,050 ft) wide. The distance between the American extremity of the Niagara Falls and the Canadian extremity is 3,409 feet (1,039 m).
Some 90% goes over Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities accomplished by employing a weir – the International Control Dam – with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls.
About 10,900 years ago, the Niagara Falls was between present-day Queenston, Ontario, and Lewiston, New York, but erosion of their crest has caused the waterfalls to retreat approximately 6.8 miles (10.9 km) southward. The Horseshoe Falls, which are about 2,600 feet (790 m) wide, have also changed their shape through the process of erosion; evolving from a small arch to a horseshoe bend, to the present day gigantic V. Just upstream from the falls’ current location, Goat Island splits the course of the Niagara River, resulting in the separation of the mostly Canadian Horseshoe Falls to the west from the American and Bridal Veil Falls to the east. Engineering has slowed erosion and recession. The current rate of erosion is approximately 30 centimeters (1 ft) per year, down from a historical average of 0.91 m (3 ft) per year. According to the timeline of the far future, in roughly 50,000 years Niagara Falls will have eroded the remaining 32 kilometres (20 mi) to Lake Erie and cease to exist.
The first steel archway bridge near the falls was completed in 1897. Known today as the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, it carries passenger vehicles and trains between Canada and the U.S.A. just downstream of the falls.
The only recorded freeze-up of the river and falls was due to an ice jam on March 29, 1848. In 1912, the American Falls was completely frozen but the other two kept flowing.
The enormous energy of Niagara Falls has long been recognized as a potential source of power. In 1961, when the Niagara Falls hydroelectric project went online, it was the largest hydropower facility in the Western world. Today, Niagara is still the largest electricity producer in New York state, with a generating capacity of 2.4 GW. Currently between 50% and 75% of the Niagara River’s flow is diverted via four huge tunnels that arise far upstream from the waterfalls. When electrical demand is low, the Lewiston units can operate as pumps to transport water from the lower bay back up to the plant’s reservoir, allowing this water to be used again during the daytime when electricity use peaks. There is higher summertime diversion at night when tourists are fewer and during the winter months when there are even fewer tourists to ensure an “unbroken curtain of water” flowing over the falls,
The most powerful hydroelectric stations on the Niagara River are the Sir Adam Beck 1 and 2 on the Canadian side and the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant and the Lewiston Pump Generating Plant on the American side. Together, Niagara’s generating stations can produce about 4.4 gigawatts of power.
Ships can bypass Niagara Falls by means of the Welland Canal, which was improved and incorporated into the Saint Lawrence Seaway in the mid-1950s. While the seaway diverted water traffic from nearby Buffalo and led to the demise of its steel and grain mills, other industries in the Niagara River valley flourished with the help of the electric power produced by the river. However, since the 1970s the region has declined economically.
The cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, and Niagara Falls, New York, United States, are connected by two international bridges. The Rainbow Bridge, just downriver from the falls, affords the closest view of the falls and is open to non-commercial vehicle traffic and pedestrians. The Whirlpool Rapids Bridge lies one mile (1.6 km) north of the Rainbow Bridge and is the oldest bridge over the Niagara River.
Jumps, plunges and walks. In October 1829, Sam Patch, who called himself “the Yankee Leapster”, jumped from a high tower into the gorge below the falls and survived; this began a long tradition of daredevils trying to go over the falls. Englishman Captain Matthew Webb, the first man to swim the English Channel, drowned in 1883 trying to swim the rapids downriver from the falls.
On October 24, 1901, 63-year-old Michigan school teacher Annie Edson Taylor became the first person to go over the falls in a barrel as a publicity stunt; she survived, bleeding, but otherwise unharmed. Since Taylor’s historic ride, over a dozen people have intentionally gone over the falls in or on a device, despite her advice. Some have survived unharmed, but others have drowned or been severely injured. Survivors face charges and stiff fines, as it is now illegal, on both sides of the border, to attempt to go over the falls.
In the “Miracle at Niagara”, Roger Woodward, a seven-year-old American boy, was swept over the Horseshoe Falls after their boat lost power on July 9, 1960; two tourists pulled his 17-year-old sister Deanne from the river only 20 feet (6.1 m) from the lip of the Horseshoe Falls at Goat Island. Minutes later, Woodward was plucked from the roiling plunge pool beneath the Horseshoe Falls after grabbing a life ring thrown to him by the crew of the Maid of the Mist boat. The third person who had been in the boat, James Hunicutt, did not survive the mishap.
On July 2, 1984, Canadian Karel Soucek from Hamilton, Ontario, plunged over the Horseshoe Falls in a barrel with only minor injuries. Soucek was fined $500 for performing the stunt without a license. In 1985, he was fatally injured while attempting to re-create the Niagara drop at the Houston Astrodome. His aim was to climb into a barrel hoisted to the rafters of the Astrodome and to drop 180 feet (55 m) into a water tank on the floor. After his barrel released prematurely, it hit the side of the tank and he died the next day from his injuries.
In August 1985, Steve Trotter, an aspiring stuntman from Rhode Island, became the youngest person ever (age 22) and the first American in 25 years to go over the falls in a barrel. Ten years later, Trotter went over the falls again, becoming the second person to go over the falls twice and survive. It was also the second-ever “duo”; Lori Martin joined Trotter for the barrel ride over the falls. They survived the fall but their barrel became stuck at the bottom of the falls, requiring a rescue.
Other daredevils have made crossing the gorge their goal, starting with the successful passage by Jean François “Blondin” Gravelet, who crossed Niagara Gorge in 1859. Between 1859 and 1896 a wire-walking craze emerged, resulting in frequent feats over the river below the falls. Maria Spelterini, a 23-year-old Italian was the first and only woman to cross the Niagara River gorge; she did so on a tightrope, on 8 July 1876. She repeated the stunt several times during the same month. During one crossing she was blindfolded and during another, her ankles and wrists were handcuffed.
The tightrope walkers drew huge crowds to witness their exploits. Their wires ran across the gorge, near the current Rainbow Bridge, not over the waterfall itself. Blondin made his first gorge crossing on a tightrope on 30 June 1859 and did so again eight times that year. His most difficult crossing occurred on August 14, when he carried his manager, Harry Colcord, on his back.
On 15 June 2012, high wire artist Nik Wallenda became the first person to walk across the falls area in 116 years, after receiving special permission from both governments. The full length of his tightrope was 1,800 feet (550 m). Wallenda crossed near the brink of the Horseshoe Falls, unlike walkers who had crossed farther downstream. According to Wallenda, it was the longest unsupported tightrope walk in history. He carried his passport on the trip and was required to present it upon arrival on the Canadian side of the falls.
Tourism. Peak visitor traffic occurs in the summertime, when Niagara Falls are both a daytime and evening attraction. From the Canadian side, floodlights illuminate both sides of the falls for several hours after dark (until midnight). The number of visitors in 2007 was expected to total 20 million, and by 2009 the annual rate was expected to top 28 million tourists.
The oldest and best known tourist attraction at Niagara Falls is the Maid of the Mist boat cruise, named for an ancient Ongiara Indian mythical character, which has carried passengers into the rapids immediately below the falls since 1846. Cruise boats operate from boat docks on both sides of the falls, with the Maid of the Mist operating from the American side and Hornblower Cruises from the Canadian side.
From the U.S. side, the American Falls can be viewed from walkways along Prospect Point Park, which also features the Prospect Point Observation Tower and a boat dock for the Maid of the Mist. Goat Island offers more views of the falls and is accessible by foot and automobile traffic by bridge above the American Falls.
ROCHESTER (pop 206,290, metro 1 million)
Rochester is the third most populous after New York City and Buffalo. Rochester was one of the United States’ first boom towns, initially due to the fertile Genesee River Valley, which gave rise to numerous flour mills, and then as a manufacturing hub. Several of the region’s universities (notably the University of Rochester and Rochester Institute of Technology) have renowned research programs. The area is the birthplace of Kodak, Paychex, Western Union, French’s, Bausch & Lomb, Gleason, Ragú and Xerox, which conduct extensive research and manufacturing of industrial and consumer products.
In 2007, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester the “most livable city” among 379 U.S. metropolitan areas. In 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester the fifth-best city in the United States for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low unemployment rate.
Pont de Rennes Bridge is an 871 foot steel truss bridge located in the Brown’s Race Historic District of Rochester at the base of the High Falls where it spans the Genesee River. The Pont De Rennes bridge was formerly carried Platt Street over the river but was converted to pedestrian use in 1982 as part of a redevelopment of the High Falls area as an entertainment area. The bridge was renamed the Pont De Rennes for Rochester’s sister city Rennes in France as part of the conversion. The Pont De Rennes bridge provides unobstructed views of the High Falls and downstream gorge.
Angel Moroni Monument. Angel Moroni is an angel/prophet-warrior stated by Joseph Smith to have visited him on numerous occasions, beginning on September 21, 1823 until 1829. According to Smith, the angel was the guardian of the golden plates, buried in the hill Cumorah in a stone box a few miles from Smith’s home in western New York; Latter Day Saints believe the plates were the source material for the Book of Mormon. Besides Smith, the Three Witnesses and several other witnesses also reported that they saw Moroni in visions in 1829.
Moroni was the last to write in the golden plates who then buried them before he died after a great battle between two pre-Columbian civilizations. After he died, he became an angel who was tasked with guarding the golden plates and directing Smith to their location in the 1820s. According to Smith, he then returned the golden plates to Moroni after they were translated and, as of 1838, Moroni still had the plates in his possession.
Smith prepared the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants making additions to an earlier revelation regarding sacramental wine, and indicated a number of angels that would come to the earth after the Second Coming and drink wine with Smith and Oliver Cowdery. However, on May 2, 1838, a few months before Smith’s statement in Elders’ Journal, Smith began dictating a church history that included a detailed account of his visits from the angel. In this text, Smith identified the angel as “Nephi”, which is the name of the Book of Mormon’s first narrator. Most Latter Day Saints view Smith’s 1838 identification of the angel as Nephi as a mistake, perhaps on the part of the transcriber or a later editor. In the version of Smith’s 1838 history published by the LDS Church, as well as the portion canonized by that denomination as the Pearl of Great Price, the name “Nephi” has been changed by editors to read “Moroni”.
In addition to Smith, several other early Mormons said they had visions where they saw the angel Moroni. Three Witnesses said they saw the angel in 1829: Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and Martin Harris. Other early Mormons who said they saw Moroni include Emma Hale Smith, Hyrum Smith, Luke S. Johnson, Zera Pulsipher, W. W. Phelps, John P. Greene and his wife Rhoda, John Taylor, Oliver Granger, Heber C. Kimball, Lucy Harris, and Harrison Burgess. Mary Whitmer may also have seen Moroni, although she referred to the angel she saw as “Brother Nephi”.
According to the Book of Mormon, Moroni was the son of Mormon, the prophet for whom the Book of Mormon is named. Before Mormon’s death in battle, he passed the golden plates to Moroni. Moroni then finished writing on the plates and concluded the record, presumably burying them in the hill Cumorah in western New York.
The image of the angel Moroni blowing a trumpet is commonly used as an unofficial symbol of the LDS Church. Moroni appears on the cover of some editions of the Book of Mormon. Statues of the angel stand atop many LDS temples, with most statues facing eastward.
Cyrus Dallin sculpted the first angel which was identified as Moroni and placed on the Salt Lake Temple during the capstone ceremony on April 6, 1892. Dallin’s design is a dignified, neoclassical angel in robe and cap, standing upright with a trumpet in hand. It stands 3.8 meters high, was molded in hammered copper from the plaster original, and was covered with 22-karat gold leaf. On March 18, 2020, the statue of Angel Moroni on the Salt Lake Temple lost his trumpet as a result of a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.
Moroni statues.
1. Torleif S. Knaphus fashioned a replica of the Dallin angel in the 1930s, but the casting of his angel wasn’t placed on a temple until many years later. In 1983, castings of this angel were placed on the Idaho Falls Temple (8th operating temple) and the Atlanta Temple (21st operating temple).
2. Millard F. Malin’s angel, which was placed on the Los Angeles Temple in 1953, is known as the second Angel Moroni statue. His angel was cast in aluminum, stands 4.7 meters high, and weighs 953 kilograms. It has Native American features, wears a Mayan style cloak, and holds the gold plates in its left hand.
3. Avard Fairbanks sculpted the third Angel Moroni statue, which was placed on the Washington D.C. Temple, dedicated in 1974. This angel was created as a one-meter model which was sent to Italy where it was enlarged, cast in bronze, and gilded. The finished statue is 5.5 meters high and weighs over 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg). The Seattle Washington, Jordan River Utah, and México City México temples each have a 4.6 meter casting of this statue.
4. Karl Quilter sculpted his first Angel Moroni in 1978. Two sizes were made, one three meters high, the other just over two meters. These statues were designed to reduce the cost and weight of the previous Angel Moroni statues, in order to become a standard part of the temple architecture. The Quilter angels are made of fiberglass and covered with gold leaf. In 1998, with the construction of many new smaller temples, Quilter was commissioned to create a new angel. This angel was similar in design to his previous angels, but he gave Moroni a slightly larger build, with his left hand opened and his body turned slightly to show more action. The Bern Switzerland Temple’s Angel Moroni is patterned after Quilter’s 1998 design. Quilter’s Angel Moroni is now on over one hundred temples around the world.
The Hill Comorah Moroni features a set of gold plates held to the chest with the left hand, and the right hand being raised in a sign to heaven.
Seneca Falls
Seneca Falls is a historic location along a branch of the Erie Canal completed in 1818 allowing transit between Seneca Lake and Cayuga Lake. This canal was connected to the Erie Canal in 1828.
It is the birthplace of women’s rights, where the 1848 women’s rights convention was held organized by women explicitly for the purpose of discussing women’s rights as such.
The town appears to be depressed – most buildings in the downtown core are empty.
SYRACUSE (pop 145,252, metro 662,577)
It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex. Syracuse was named after the classical Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90. Its airport is the largest in the region. Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university; Le Moyne College, a Jesuit liberal arts college; SUNY Upstate Medical University, a public medical school; and SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, a public university focusing on forestry, the environment, and natural resources.
Destiny USA is a six-story super-regional shopping and entertainment complex on the shore of Onondaga Lake in Syracuse. It is the largest shopping mall in the State of New York. Main anchor stores include J. C. Penney, Macy’s, and Lord & Taylor. Other major stores include At Home, Best Buy, Dick’s Sporting Goods, Forever 21, DSW, Old Navy, Nordstrom Rack and TJ Maxx.
Destiny USA opened on October 15, 1990 six above-ground floors – the lower three floors and the underground floor are used for retail shops. The first and second floors span the length of the mall and the third floor a 19-screen Regal Cinemas, restaurants, and entertainment options.
Marriott Syracuse Downtown Hotel is a historic hotel built in 1924 as the Hotel Syracuse and was completely restored in 2016, when it joined the Marriott chain. It is significant in that it is “an excellent example of an early 20th century modern hotel designed. The massive 790-room Hotel Syracuse eventually found itself battling bankruptcy and closed in 2004, but was purchased with plans to convert parts into condos.
NOMAD MANIA New York West (Buffalo, Syracuse, Binghamton, Ithaca)
Borders
Canada (Ontario)-United States
United States of America 48 states (sea border/port)
Museums: Ithaca (Cornell University): Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art
House Museums/Plantations:Jamestown: The Lucy Desi Center for Comedy
World of Nature: Letchworth Falls State Park
Festivals:Alfred: NY Green Fest
Religious Monuments: Hill Comorah Moroni
Waterfalls
Niagara Falls
Taughannock Falls
Villages and Small Towns
CORNING
Museums: Museum of Glass
Cities of the Americas
SENECA FALLS
BUFFALO
Airports: Buffalo (BUF)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Buffalo Metro Rail
Museums
Knox Art Gallery
Buffalo Museum of Science
Modern Architecture Buildings
Kleinhans Music Hall
Prudential (Guaranty) Building
Maritime/Ship Museums: Buffalo Naval Park
Festivals: World’s Largest Disco
ROCHESTER
Airports: Rochester (ROC)
Museums
Memorial Art Gallery
The Strong Museum
House Museums/Plantations: George Eastman Museum
Theme Parks: Seabreeze Amusement Park
Pedestrian Bridges: Rennes Bridge
Vehicle Museums: Buffalo Transportation Pierce Arrow Museum
SYRACUSE
Airports: Syracuse (SYR)
Museums
Erie Canal Museum
Everson Museum of Art
Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology
Malls/Department Stores: Destiny USA
Hospitality Legends: Marriott Syracuse Downtown Hotel
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NEW YORK EAST (Albany, Plattsburg, Utica, Watertown)
Fort Stanwix National Monument, Rome was a colonial built between 1758 – 62 by British General John Stanwix as a star fort was built to guard a portage known as the Oneida Carry during the French and Indian War, the main waterway southeastward to the Atlantic seacoast, down the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, and an important interior waterway northwestward to Lake Ontario, down Wood Creek and Oneida Lake to Oswego.
In 1768, Fort Stanwix was the site of an important treaty conference between the British and the Iroquois to renegotiate the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Proclamation of 1763. The British government hoped a new boundary line might bring an end to the rampant frontier violence, which had become costly and troublesome. Indians hoped a new, permanent line might hold back white colonial expansion. The Iroquois had effectively ceded Kentucky to the whites. However, the tribes who actually used the Kentucky lands, primarily Shawnee, Delaware, and Cherokee, had no role in the negotiations. Rather than secure peace, the Fort Stanwix treaty helped set the stage for the next round of hostilities.
Fort Stanwix was abandoned in 1768 and allowed to go to ruin. In 1777, the fort was besieged by The King’s 8th Regiment of Foot, Loyalists, and Indians, under the command of Brigadier General Barry St. Leger, as part of a three-pronged campaign to divide the American colonies. According to local folklore, when the Colonial troops raised the flag over the fort on August 3, 1777, it was the first time that the Flag of the United States was flown in battle. It is more likely that the flag flown at Fort Schuyler was one that consisted only of thirteen stripes, an early version of the Flag of New York, or the Grand Union Flag.
The British failure to capture the fort and proceed down the Mohawk Valley was a severe setback and helped lead to the defeat of General John Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga.
The fort burned to the ground in 1781 and was not rebuilt. During the War of 1812 a blockhouse was built on the parade ground but in 1828 the fortifications were dismantled.
Between 1974-78 the National Park Service reconstructed the fort.
Fort Stanwix National Monument that visitors experience today is relatively modern, built between 1974 and 1976 as a modified reconstruction of the original fort, based on the conjectural location of the 18th century earth and timber fort which previously stood on the site.
T-House, Saratoga Springs. In the NM “Modern Architecture Buildings” series, this novel steel house was built in the early 90s from a design by Simon Ungers. The bottom level is the living quarters, the centre is the stairs and the top a library.
COOPERSTOWN (pop 1,800). Located at the southern end of the historic Otsego Lake in the Central New York Region of New York, Cooperstown is best known as the home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The Farmers’ Museum, opened in 1944 on farm land that had once belonged to James Fenimore Cooper, the Fenimore Art Museum, Glimmerglass Opera, and the New York State Historical Association are also based here. Most of the historic pre-1900 core of the village is included in the Cooperstown Historic District.
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is operated by private interests. It serves as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond, displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits, honouring those who have excelled in playing, managing, and serving the sport. The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark, an heir to the Singer Sewing Machine fortune. The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall. An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994.
The Otesaga Resort Hotel is a historic hotel built in 1909 in the Federal style. The Hotel is a contributing building to the Cooperstown Historic District on the Southern shore of Lake Otsego. The hotel opens each year in mid April and closes after Thanksgiving. It has 135 rooms and occupies 700 feet of Otsego Lake shore. The Otesaga also has two restaurants and features an 18-hole golf course that was also established in 1909.
The front of the building has a portico supported by eight 30-foot wooden columns. The hotel has a reputation for being haunted, and was featured in an episode of the television show, “Ghost Hunters” which originally aired on August 25th, 2010.
Albany (pop 98,000, metro Albany–Schenectady–Troy 1.1 millions) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately 135 miles (220 km) north of New York City.
Albany is known for its rich history, commerce, culture, architecture, and institutions of higher education.
The area that later became Albany was settled by Dutch colonists who, in 1614, built Fort Nassau for fur trading and, in 1624, built Fort Orange. In 1664, the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. It became the capital of New York in 1797 following formation of the United States. Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and is the longest continuously chartered city in the United States.
During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a centre of trade and transportation. The city lies toward the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal connecting to the Great Lakes, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. In the early 21st century, Albany has experienced growth in the high-technology industry, with great strides in the nanotechnology sector.
NOMAD MANIA New York East (Albany, Plattsburg, Utica, Watertown)
Borders
Canada (Ontario)-United States
Canada (Quebec)-United States
United States of America 48 states (sea border/port)
Airports: New York Stewart International (SWF)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Amtrak Adirondack (New York-Albany)
Museums: Beacon: DIA:Beacon
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Alexandria Bay: Boldt Castle
Beacon: Bannerman Castle
Rome: Fort Stanwix National Monument
Modern Architecture Buildings: Saratoga Springs: T-House
Festivals: Tuxedo: New York Renaissance Faire
Theme Parks: Queensbury: Great Escape – Six Flags
Ski Resorts: Gore Mountain
Hospitality Legends: Rhinebeck: Beekman Arms Hotel
Maritime/Ship Museums: Kingston: Hudson River Maritime Museum
Open-Air Museums: Mountainville: Storm King Art Center
Vehicle Museums: Saratoga Springs: Saratoga Automobile Museum
Cities of the Americas
ALBANY
Airports:Albany (ALB)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Albany Rensselaer Station
Museums
Albany Institute of History & Art
Irish American Heritage Museum
New York State Museum
Maritime/Ship Museums: USS Slater
Villages and Small Towns
LAKE PLACID
WOODSTOCK
COOPERSTOWN
Museums: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Hospitality Legends: The Otesaga Resort Hotel