CANADA – ONTARIO EAST (Toronto, Ottawa, Sault Ste. Marie, Windsor, Sudbury)
Fort Henry, Kingston. Located on Point Henry, a strategic, elevated point near the mouth of the Cataraqui River where it flows into the St. Lawrence River at the east end of Lake Ontario, the original fort was constructed during the War of 1812 to protect the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard (the site of the present-day Royal Military College of Canada) on Point Frederick from a possible American attack during the war and to monitor maritime traffic on the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario. The original fort was replaced by a much larger construction in the 1830s to maintain protection of the naval dockyard and protect the southern entrance to the Rideau Canal. The fort was restored in the 1930s and is a significant tourist attraction.
Cornwall Island is an island in the Saint Lawrence River, directly south of the city of Cornwall. The island is located completely within Canada, but it is also part of the Akwesasne Mohawk reserve, which straddles the Canada–United States border and the Quebec – Ontario border. The Seaway International Bridge, with a channel crossing on each side of the island, provides road access to Cornwall Island from both Canada and the United States.
The area has been the scene of several disputes by Akwesasne residents on their rights to cross the border unimpeded, as provided under the 1795 Jay Treaty. Canadian authorities have been increasingly concerned about large-scale cigarette, liquor, drugs, and migrant smuggling along this route.
Violence has broken out within the reserve and many residents left in 1990 because of the general unrest. The Warrior Society, a self-appointed security force, used assault rifles and bats to break up anti-gambling roadblocks at the reservation entrances. They threatened to shoot any outside law enforcement officials if they entered the reservation.
TORONTO (pop 2,731,571, metro 5,928,040)
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people (as of 2016) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.
People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 (243.3 sq mi).
The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.
Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canada’s major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Its varied cultural institutions, which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities, attract over 43 million tourists each year. Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower.
The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada’s five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations. Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, aerospace, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.
Leslieville’s Crazy Doll House. In the NM Bizzarium series, this ordinary 2-story house is covered in dolls attached to a rough lattice over the porch, on sticks stuck into the ground and covering the fence. Most are plastic and able to withstand the elements.
St. Lawrence Market is a major public market located along Front Street East and Jarvis Street in the St. Lawrence neighbourhood of downtown Toronto.
St. Lawrence Market was first established in the early 19th century, originating from a proclamation that established a designated area near King Street and New Street (later renamed Jarvis Street) for a public market in 1803. The first buildings erected for the market emerged in 1814, with the first permanent structures built in 1820. The first permanent market building was later replaced in 1831 with the first St. Lawrence Market North building. The building was damaged after the Great Fire of Toronto of 1849, and was replaced with a new building in 1851. The market was expanded in the early 1900s, with portions of the former city hall of Toronto being integrated into a new building, opened as St. Lawrence Market South in 1902, and a new matching building erected to replace the north building in 1904. The north building was later replaced with a new building in 1968. In 2016, the north building was demolished to make way for a new building.
Cathedral Church of St. James is an Anglican cathedral in downtown Toronto. It is the church of the oldest congregation in the city, with the parish being established in 1797. The cathedral, with construction beginning in 1850 and opening for services on June 19, 1853, was one of the largest buildings in the city at the time. It was designed as a prime example of Gothic Revival architecture.
The church building is designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, and it is the episcopal seat of the Anglican Church of Canada’s Archbishop of Toronto. Royal St. George’s College, on Howland Avenue, is the church’s choir school and is open to boys in grades 3 through 12.
Bay Adelaide Centre is an office complex in the Financial District of Toronto, The first phase, a 51-storey skyscraper known as Bay Adelaide West, was completed in July 2009. The second phase, the 44-storey Bay Adelaide East, was completed in October 2016. A third tower, Bay Adelaide North, is planned. a height of 218 metres (715 ft) or 51 storeys. It is located on the northeast corner of Bay Street and Adelaide Street West.
Both Bay Adelaide West and Bay Adelaide East are designed in a modernist style, although the historic north and west facades of the former National Building at the corner of Bay and Temperance Streets, completed in 1926, has been incorporated into Bay Adelaide West.
The towers of the Bay Adelaide Centre are connected by an underground concourse, which extends under Temperance Street, and is connected to the PATH network. The underground concourse has PATH connections to Scotia Plaza to the south and Hudson’s Bay Queen Street to the north.
The PATH Skywalk is an approximately 500 metre post-modern curved metal and glass enclosed walkway connecting Union Station to the CN Tower and the Rogers Centre (SkyDome). Part of Toronto’s PATH network, the SkyWalk passes above the York Street ‘subway’ and the Simcoe Street Tunnel and runs roughly parallel between Front Street and Bremner Boulevard. Opened in 1989 as a predominantly indoor connection from Union Station to the SkyDome, the primary purpose of the SkyWalk is to reduce the need for additional parking spaces near the stadium by providing a direct transportation link to the subway and GO Transit regional trains. 
Toronto–Dominion Centre is an office complex in the Financial District of downtown Toronto owned by Cadillac Fairview. It serves as the global headquarters for its anchor tenant, the Toronto-Dominion Bank, and provides office and retail space for many other businesses. The complex consists of six towers and a pavilion covered in bronze-tinted glass and black painted steel. Approximately 21,000 people work in the complex, making it the largest commercial office complex in Canada.
The towers were completed between 1967 and 1991. The complex, as a whole and in its details, is a classic example of his unique take on the International style and represents the end evolution of Mies’s North American period.
Fairmont Royal York Hotel, formerly and commonly known as the Royal York, is a large historic luxury hotel located along Front Street West at the southern end of the Financial District, in Downtown Toronto. The Royal York built by the Canadian Pacific Railway company. The hotel is presently managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.
Opened on 11 June 1929, the Châteauesque-styled building is 124-metre-tall (407 ft), and contains 28 floors. It is considered one of Canada’s grand railway hotels. After its completion, the building was briefly the tallest building in Toronto, as well as the tallest building in the country, and the British Empire, until the nearby Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower was built the following year. The building has undergone several extensive renovations since it first opened, with its first major renovation in 1972. An underground walkway linking the hotel with the Royal Bank Plaza and Union Station form part of the Toronto’s PATH underground city system.
Eaton Center is a shopping mall and office complex in Downtown Toronto owned and managed by Cadillac Fairview (CF). It was named after the Eaton’s department store chain that once anchored it before the chain became defunct in the late 1990s.
The Toronto Eaton Centre attracts the most visitors of any of Toronto’s tourist attractions. It is North America’s busiest shopping mall, due to extensive transit access, its downtown location and tourist traffic. With 48,969,858 visitors in 2015 alone, the centre sees more annual visitors than either of the two busiest malls in the United States (Mall of America and Ala Moana Center), or Central Park in New York City. The number of visitors to the Toronto Eaton Centre in 2015 exceeds the total 2015 passenger counts at Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada’s largest and busiest airport.
Yonge–Dundas Square is a public square at the southeast corner of the intersection of Yonge Street and Dundas Street East in the city’s downtown core. The square was conceived in 1997 as part of revitalizing the intersection. Since its completion in 2002, the square has hosted many public events, performances and art displays, establishing itself as a prominent landmark in Toronto and one of the city’s prime tourist attractions. Central to the Downtown Yonge entertainment and shopping district, the square is owned by the city and is the first public square in Canada to be maintained through a public-private partnership. The intersection is one of the busiest in Canada, with over 100,000 people crossing the city’s first pedestrian scramble daily.
Surrounding the square are other major landmarks, including the Toronto Eaton Centre, Ed Mirvish Theatre, and the Citytv building. The square is accessible by the Toronto subway at Dundas station and is connected to the PATH. The square is continuously illuminated by large billboard screens and corporate logos, which has led to comparison of the square with Times Square in New York City and Piccadilly Circus in London.
South African War Memorial is located at University Avenue and Queen Street West. Commissioned in 1910 to commemorate Canada’s participation in the Boer War, it consists of three bronze figures at the base of a granite column. Another bronze figure is found at the top of the memorial. It was restored in 2001.
For two decades after the war, Canadians would gather on February 27 (known in Canada as “Paardeberg Day”) around memorials to the South African War to say prayers and honour veterans. This continued until the end of the First World War, when Armistice Day (later called Remembrance Day) began to be observed on November 11.
St. Michael’s Cathedral Basilica is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto and one of the oldest churches in Toronto. It is located at 65 Bond Street in Toronto’s Garden District. St. Michael’s was designed by William Thomas, designer of eight other churches in the city, and was primarily financed by Irish immigrants who resided in the area. The cathedral has a capacity of 1600.
St. Michael’s Cathedral is a major building of faith in downtown Toronto. It was originally constructed away from the city’s centre, but over time the city has grown to encompass it. It was constructed to better serve the growing Roman Catholic population of Toronto. It is a prime example of the English Gothic Revival style of architecture.
Trinity-St. Paul’s United Church is a church belonging to the United Church of Canada located at 427 Bloor Street West, just west of Spadina Avenue in the city’s downtown core. The church is formed of a mix of three different former congregations and houses a fourth independent congregation within its building.
Today, Trinity-St. Paul’s has a reputation for being an activist church on a number of social justice issues. The church has strongly advocated for same-sex marriage, fair trade and improved conditions for the homeless. Former United Church moderator and noted activist Bill Phipps was minister from 1974 to 1983. Cheri DiNovo, a former Ontario New Democratic Party politician, became minister effective February 4, 2018.
CN Tower is a 553.3 m-high (1,815.3 ft) concrete communications and observation tower located in Downtown Toronto. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name “CN” originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway’s decision to divest non-core freight railway assets prior to the company’s privatization in 1995, it transferred the tower to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation responsible for real estate development.
The CN Tower held the record for the world’s tallest free-standing structure for 32 years until 2007 when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa, and was the world’s tallest tower until 2009 when it was surpassed by the Canton Tower. It is now the ninth tallest free-standing structure in the world and remains the tallest free-standing structure on land in the Western Hemisphere. In 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers.
It is a signature icon of Toronto’s skyline and attracts more than two million international visitors annually.
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy is a pharmacy school and an academic division of the University of Toronto. The faculty is located on the northwestern corner of College Street and University Avenue, placing it across from the Ontario Legislative Building and at the entrance to Queen’s Park station. It is also situated 1-2 blocks away from four internationally renowned hospitals — The Hospital for Sick Children, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto General Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital. It is part of Toronto’s Discovery District.
The Faculty of Pharmacy Building is particularly notable for its two orb-shaped classrooms, referred to as the “pods”, which are suspended lecture halls. The pods are lit at night with coloured stage lights visible from afar, giving the building a “Star Trek feel”. Likened to giant glowing pills, the pods are reason #113 to love Toronto, and have been deemed “something of a local landmark.” The Pharmacy Building has received international coverage and awards, in part because of its design team, including world-famous Sir Norman Foster and Claude Engle, as well as its high-profile sponsor Leslie Dan.
Ryerson Universityis a public research university in Toronto. Its urban campus surrounds the Yonge–Dundas Square, located at one of the busiest intersections in downtown Toronto. The majority of its buildings are in the blocks northeast of the Yonge–Dundas Square in Toronto’s Garden District. Ryerson’s business school, Ted Rogers School of Management, is on the southwest end of the Yonge–Dundas Square, located on Bay Street, slightly north of Toronto’s Financial District and is attached to the Toronto Eaton Centre. The university has expanded substantially in recent years with new buildings such as the Mattamy Athletic Centre, in the historical Maple Leaf Gardens arena, former home of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The university is composed of 44,400 undergraduate students, 2,950 graduate students, and 12,000 continuing-education students. Ryerson is ranked 4th in Ontario and 10th in Canada by student enrollment.
In addition to offering full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate programs leading to Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctoral degrees, the university also offers part-time degrees, distance education, and certificates through the G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education.
The Black Bull Tavern. Established in 1833, it is undoubtedly one of the oldest watering holes in the city. However, it cannot claim to be the oldest continually serving tavern in Toronto as for several decades the building was not employed as ale house. The Wheat Sheaf at King and Bathurst outranks the Black Bull in this regard.
In the 1830, the Black Bull was typical of the structures of the period — a wood-frame, two-storey building, with a steep-pitched roof. York was a hospitable place in the old days, for the places of entertainment in every section of town were very much more numerous, when compared to the population, than they are now. The Black Bull was a favourite stopping place for farmers on their way to town from the west and north-west. In 1895, the establishment possessed 50 guest rooms. In 1910, the Black Bull was again extensively renovated, a red-brick cladding employed to encase the entire building. The latest and most popular addition to the Black Bull is the patio, on its west side on Soho Street. It opened c. 1981, and is one of the most popular outdoor drinking venues in the city.
The Junction is a neighbourhood in Toronto near the West Toronto Diamond, a junction of four railway lines in the area. The neighbourhood was previously an independent city called West Toronto, that was also its own federal electoral district until amalgamating with the city of Toronto in 1909. The main intersection of the area is Dundas Street West and Keele Street. The Stockyards is the northeastern quadrant of the neighbourhood.
The area was primarily rural until the 1870s. From 1857 to 1876 the Carlton Race Course dominated the southeast of the neighbourhood.
The Junction was a manufacturing community that rose quickly during the late 19th century. Foundries, mills, furniture assembly, meat processing, nail and wire factories were established. Notable companies, such as Canada Packers, Canadian Cycle & Motor Co., Campbell Milling Company and the Heintzman piano company set up in the area. Other firms came because land, labour and taxes were cheaper than in Toronto, and the Canadian Pacific established a major operation there, establishing yards from Keele Street as far west as Scarlett Road. These factors also attracted many immigrant or second generation Irish Catholics to the area, many of whom moved there from then poor, crowded tenement housing in areas of the city such as Cabbagetown and Brockton Village during the 1880s. Many also came from working-class English industrial cities such as Birmingham and Manchester. They were soon followed by many from non-English speaking countries, including Italians, Poles, Macedonian and Croatian immigrants, many of whom worked in the meat industry.
The Junction was prone to booms and busts during its tumultuous history; while the period between 1888 and 1890 was a prosperous one, the period between 1893 and 1900 saw significant poverty in the area due to an economic recession. The Long Depression saw the closing of factories and the end to construction in the area, and the municipality could not support its citizens because of a large civic debt.
Pubs and taverns became permanent fixtures in The Junction, as was the case with many railway and factory workers’ towns. By 1904, the behaviour of the Junction workers was so out of hand, leading the residents, led by Bill Temple, to vote for banning the sale of alcohol until 1998. It was a long and tough fight led by Vesuvio Pizzeria and Shoxs Sports Saloon to regain the right to again serve alcohol in the area and it was not until 2001 that the first drink was poured east of Keele Street at Shoxs Sports Saloon. This, along with the burial of electric distribution lines and other street and sidewalk improvements, is credited by many as the beginning of the revitalization of the Junction.
Much of the lands has been redeveloped with new housing and retail uses. The main Stockyards site is now the location of a large bloc of big-box stores, including Metro, Home Depot, Canadian Tire, Future Shop (became re-branded as Best Buy in 2015)), Rona, Staples, and Nations Fresh Foods, an Asian supermarket, along with several smaller stores.
Since the early 1920s, the area by Dundas and St. John’s Road has been known as Little Malta (getting signs to that effect in the 1990s) with several Maltese-Canadian businesses present, as well as a distinctly Maltese church.
Rapid gentrification has meant new chic restaurants and bars have opened up along Dundas Street, attracting young people, while lower rents make the neighbourhood appealing to artists. Some see The Junction as the next big “hip place to live” with a surplus of vacated industrial space and warehouse loft conversion possibilities.
High Park is a municipal park, a mixed recreational and natural park, with sporting facilities, cultural facilities, educational facilities, gardens, playgrounds and a zoo. One-third of the park remains in a natural state, with a rare oak savannah ecology. High Park was opened to the public in 1876 and is based on a bequest of land from John George Howard to the City of Toronto. It spans 161 hectares (400 acres) and is the second-largest municipal park in Toronto, after Centennial Park.
High Park is located to the west of Downtown Toronto, north of Humber Bay, and is maintained by the City of Toronto. It stretches south from Bloor Street West to The Queensway, just north of Lake Ontario. It is bounded on the west by Ellis Park Road and Grenadier Pond and on the east by Parkside Drive.
Ontario Place and Cinesphere is an entertainment venue, event venue, and park located on three artificial landscaped islands just off-shore in Lake Ontario, south of Exhibition Place, and southwest of Downtown Toronto. It opened on May 22, 1971, and operated as a theme park centered around Ontario themes and family attractions until 2012 when the Government of Ontario announced that it would close for redevelopment. It has since reopened as a park without admission but without several of the old attractions. The Budweiser Stage operates during the summer season. The Cinesphere, the original IMAX theatre, reopened with new projection equipment and shows films regularly. On the East Island, Trillium Park and the William Davis Trail opened in 2017. A marina, sheltered by three sunken lake freighters operates seasonally at the site.
Amsterdam Bridge is a steel / cable footbridge that crosses over the Simcoe Street Slip from York Quay to Rees Street Slip. Below the bridge is a docking facility for boats. The Amsterdam Bridge commemorates the twinning of Toronto and Amsterdam in 1974. Similarly, a bridge that crosses the Amstel river in Amsterdam was renamed Torontobrug. The Torontobrug is a bascule bridge built in 1970 and carries pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Humber Bay Arch Bridge is a pedestrian and bicycle bridge completed in the mid-1990s over the mouth of the Humber River, the start of the “Toronto Carrying Place” trail, an ancient aboriginal trading route leading north. The bridge forms an important pedestrian, recreational and commuter cyclist link, and carries the Waterfront Trail, a multi-use pathway that will eventually parallel the entire north shore of Lake Ontario. The Toronto section is known as the Martin Goodman Trail, and is one of the most popular pedestrian and cycling routes in the city.
It is 139 metres (456 ft) in length, with a clear span of 100 metres (330 ft) constructed of two 1,200 millimetres (47 in) diameter high-strength steel pipes, bent into twin arches that rise 21.3 metres (70 ft) above grade, and suspend the deck by way of 44 stainless-steel hangers, each 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in diameter. The foundation consists of concrete-filled caissons which go down 30 metres (98 ft) below grade to the bedrock.
Square One Shopping Centre, Mississauga is the largest shopping centre in Ontario and the second largest shopping centre in Canada, after the West Edmonton Mall. It has over 2,200,000 square feet (200,000 m2) of retail space, with more than 360 stores and services. On average, the mall serves over 24 million customers each year.
Square One is located adjacent to the interchange of Highway 403 and Hurontario Street. Located within the mall grounds is the main terminal of MiWay (formerly Mississauga Transit) bus network, which opened in 1997, and a Peel Regional Police station, which opened in 2002.
Built between 1969-73, the four original anchors included Woolco, Sears at the time Simpson-Sears, The Bay, and Dominion.
Georgian Bay Islands NP consists of 63 small islands or parts of islands in Georgian Bay, near Port Severn, Ontario. The total park area is approximately 13.5 km2 (5.2 sq mi). Prior to the creation of Fathom Five National Marine Park, Flowerpot Island was also a part of the park. The islands blend the exposed rocks and pines of the Canadian Shield with the hardwood forests found further south. The park can only be reached by boat; there are limited camping facilities on the largest island, Beausoleil Island.
St. Joseph Island is in the northwestern part of Lake Huron. The island is 30 kilometers (19 mi) in length and 20 kilometers (12 mi) in width at its widest point and 365 km2 (141 sq mi) in area. It is the sixth-largest lake island in the world; the second-largest island on Lake Huron, following Manitoulin Island; and the third largest of all the islands on the Great Lakes, trailing Manitoulin and Lake Superior’s Isle Royale. The circumference of the island’s coastline is 145 km (90 mi).
The island lays approximately 45 km (28 mi) south east of the city of Sault Ste. Marie and 225 km (140 mi) south west of Sudbury.
St. Joseph Island played an important role for First Nations and Europeans in the early fur trade and as a staging point for the first victory for British North America in the War of 1812. Today St. Joseph Island is a destination for tourists and cottagers in northeastern Ontario.
French River Provincial Park offers a river of national historic significance (the French River is the first designated Canadian Heritage River), paddle the route of Indigenous people, French Explorers, fur traders and Voyageurs, a 105 kilometre canoe route of interconnected lakes, gorges and rapids from Lake Nipissing to Georgian Bay, Georgian Bay coastal kayaking is available through the French River Delta and a variety of experiences ranging from wilderness paddling to motor boating, fishing and private lodges.
Mississagi River Provincial Park is a protected area on the Mississagi River in Algoma and Sudbury Districts. It has an Ontario Parks designation of Waterway Class. The park encompasses the river and lakes on the river from Mississagi Lake to Bark Lake, and further downstream to a point just above Ricky Island Lake, as well as portions of the upper Spanish River system.
NOMAD MANIA Ontario East (Toronto, Ottawa, Sault Ste. Marie, Windsor, Sudbury)
World Heritage Sites: Rideau Canal
Islands
Cornwall
Manitoulin
Borders
Canada (Ontario)-United States
Canada except Newfoundland (sea border/port)
XL
Bruce Peninsula
Lake Erie Canadian side
Ontario – Leamington: Point Pelee (southernmost in Canada)
St. Joseph island (Ontario)
Villages and Small Towns
Elora
Goderich
Merrickville
Niagara-on-the-Lake
Airports: Timmins (YTS)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Algoma Central Railway
Polar Bear Express (Northern Ontario)
South Simcoe Railway
The Canadian (Toronto-Vancouver)
York-Durham Heritage Railway
Museums
Burlington: Art Gallery of Burlington
Guelph: Art Gallery of Guelph
Guelph: Guelph Civic Museum
Oakville: Oakville Museum
Thunder Bay: Historical Museum
House Museums/Plantations
Brantford: Myrtleville House
Burlington: Ireland House
Grafton: Barnum House Museum
Wallacetown: Backus-Page House Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Amherstburg: Fort Malden
Baden: Castle Kilbride
World of Nature
Algonquin Provincial Park
Bruce Peninsula NP
French River Provincial Park
Georgian Bay Islands NP
Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park
Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater Provincial Park
Mississagi River Provincial Park
Northern Claybelt Forest Complex
Point Pelee NP
Thousand Islands NP
Lakes
Lake Erie
Lake Huron
Lake Ontario
Rivers
Albany River
Ottawa River
Saint Lawrence River
Festivals
Boots and Hearts Music Festival
Carassauga
Collingwood Elvis Festival
Havelock Country Jamboree
Kempenfest, Barrie
Luminato Festival
Mariposa Folk Festival
Summerfolk Music and Crafts Festival
Tottenham Bluegrass Festival
WayHome Music & Arts Festival
Zoos
Concord: Reptilia
Phelpston: Elmvale Jungle Zoo
Botanical Gardens
Burlington: Royal Botanical Gardens
Punakhta: Royal Botanical Park
Theme Parks
Limoges: Calypso Theme Waterpark
Vaughan: Canada’s Wonderland
Beaches: Wasaga Beach
Waterfalls
New York/Ontario: Niagara Falls
Inglis Falls
Caves
Bonnechere Caves
Greig’s Caves
Tyendinaga Caves
Hospitality Legends: St. Catherines: The Mansion House Restaurant
Monuments: Queenston: Brock’s Monument
Maritime/Ship Museums
Picton: Mariners’ Park Museum
Port Burwell: HMCS Ojibwa
Open-Air Museums
Markham: Markham Museum
Midland: St. Marie among the Hurons
Morrisburg: Upper Canada Village
Aviation Museums: Astra: National Air Force Museum
Railway Museums
Brighton: Memory Junction Railway Museum
Palmerston: Railway Heritage Museum
Smiths Falls: Railway Museum of Eastern Ontario
St. Thomas: Elgin County Railway Museum
Cities of the Americas
CHATHAM-KENT
SARNIA
ST. CATHERINES
LONDON
Airports: London (YXU)
Festivals: Home County Music and Art Festival, London
GREATER SUDBURY
Airports: Greater Sudbury (YSB)
Festivals: Northern Lights Festival Boréal, Sudbury
Planetariums: Doran Planetarium
PETERBOROUGH CENSUS AREA (Selwyn/Cavan Monaghan)
Museums: The Canadian Canoe Museum
House Museums/Plantations: Hutchinson House
Festivals: Peterborough Folk Festival
Zoos: Riverview Park & Zoo
SAULT STE MARIE
Airports: Sault Ste. Marie (YAM)
Festivals: Algoma Fall Festival, Sault Ste Marie
Maritime/Ship Museums: MS Norgoma
WINDSOR
Airports: Windsor (YQG)
Monuments: Tower of Freedom
HAMILTON/BRANTFORD
Airports: Hamilton (YHM)
Museums: Battlefield House
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Dundurn Castle
Planetariums: W.J. McCallion Planetarium
Maritime/Ship Museums: HMCS Haida
Aviation Museums: Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum
KINGSTON
Museums: Correctional Service of Canada Museum
House Museums/Plantations: Bellevue House
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Fort Henry
KITCHENER/CAMBRIDGE
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Waterloo Central Railway
Waterloo-Kitchener: Ion rapid transit
Museums: The Museum
NIAGARA FALLS World Cities and Popular Towns
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Falls Incline Railway
Spanish Aerocar, Niagara Falls
Whirlpool Aero Car, Niagara Falls
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Niagara: Fort George
Zoos
Bird Kingdom
Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory
Aquariums: Marineland of Canada
Theme Parks: Marineland
Hospitality Legends
Niagara-on-the-Lake: Prince of Wales Hotel
Niagara-on-the-Lake: The Olde Angel Inn
OTTAWA/GATINEAU World Capitals World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports: Ottawa (YOW)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Ottawa Station
O-train
Museums
Bank of Canada Museum
Billings Estate Museum
Canada Agriculture and Food Museum
Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography
Canadian Museum of Nature
Canadian Science and Technology Museum
Canadian Ski Museum
Canadian War Museum
National Gallery of Canada
Religious Temples: Notre Dame Cathedral
Festivals
Bluefest, Ottawa
Canadian Dance Festival, Ottawa
Carnival of Cultures, Ottawa
Escapade Music Festival, Ottawa
Ottawa Jazz Festival
Peterborough Folk Festival
Westfest, Ottawa
Winterlude, Ottawa
Modern Architecture Buildings
John G. Diefenbaker Building
Parliament Hill
Botanical Gardens: Dominion Arboretum
Hospitality Legends: The Fairmont Chateau Laurier Hotel
Markets: ByWard Market
Urban Legends: Confederation Square
Malls/Department Stores: Rideau Centre
Monuments: National Aboriginal Veterans Monument
Pedestrian Bridges: Corktown Footbridge
Aviation Museums: Canada Aviation and Space Museum
TORONTO/MISSISSAUGA/OSHAWA World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports
Billy Bishop Toronto City (YTZ)
Pearson International (YYZ)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Museum Station, Toronto
Toronto Streetcar System
Toronto Subway
Toronto Union Station
Museums
Mississauga: Art Gallery of Mississauga
Mississauga: Egyptian Museum Mississauga
Oshawa: Ontario Regiment Museum
Oshawa: Oshawa Military and Industrial Museum
Oshawa: Oshawa Museum
Oshawa: The Robert McLaughlin Gallery
Toronto : MZTV Museum of Television
Toronto: Aga Khan Museum
Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario
Toronto: Bata Shoe Museum
Toronto: City of York Museum
Toronto: Gardiner Museum
Toronto: Museum of Contemporary Art
Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum
Toronto: Textile Museum of Canada
House Museums/Plantations
Mississauga: Benares Historical House
Toronto: Campbell House
Toronto: Gibson House
Toronto: Mackenzie House
Toronto: Shevchenko Museum
Toronto: Spadina House
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Toronto: Casa Loma
Toronto: Fort York
Religious Temples
Cathedral Church of St. James
St. Michael’s Cathedral Basilica
Trinity-St. Paul’s United Church
Festivals
Beaches International Jazz Festival, Toronto
Masala! Mehndi! Masti!, Toronto
Toronto International Film Festival
Toronto Jazz Festival
Modern Architecture Buildings
Mississauga: Absolute World
Toronto: Bay Adelaide Centre
Toronto: CN Tower
Toronto: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
Toronto: Ryerson University
Toronto: Toronto–Dominion Centre
Ontario Place and Cinesphere
Zoos: Toronto Zoo
Botanical Gardens: Toronto Botanical Garden
Aquariums: Ripley’s Aquarium of Canada
Theme Parks: Centreville Amusement Park
Malls/Department Stores
Mississauga: Square One Shopping Centre
Eaton Center
Hospitality Legends
Fairmont Royal York Hotel
The Black Bull Tavern
Markets: St. Lawrence Market
Urban Legends
High Park
The Junction
Yonge–Dundas Square
Monuments: South African War Memorial
Pedestrian Bridges
Amsterdam Bridge
Humber Bay Arch Bridge
The PATH Skywalk
Open-Air Museums: Black Creek Pioneer Village
Railway Museums: Toronto Railway Museum
Vehicle Museums
Oshawa: Canadian Automotive Museum
Toronto: Greater Toronto Collector Car Museum
Bizzarium: Toronto: Leslieville’s Crazy Doll House
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
CANADA – ONTARIO WEST (Thunder Bay, Marathon, Red Lake)
Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America, is also the world’s largest freshwater lake by surface area, and the third largest freshwater lake by volume (behind Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Tanganyika in East Africa). It is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north, the U.S. state of Minnesota to the west, and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south.
The farthest north and west of the Great Lakes chain, Superior has the highest elevation of all five great lakes and empties into Lake Huron via the St. Marys River and the Soo Locks.
Lake Superior has a surface area of 31,700 square miles (82,103 km2), which is approximately the size of South Carolina or Austria. It has a maximum length of 350 statute miles (560 km; 300 nmi) and maximum breadth of 160 statute miles (257 km; 139 nmi). Its average depth is 80.5 fathoms (483 ft; 147 m) with a maximum depth of 222.17 fathoms (1,333 ft; 406 m). Lake Superior contains 2,900 cubic miles (12,100 km³) of water. There is enough water in Lake Superior to cover the entire land mass of North and South America to a depth of 30 centimetres (12 in). The shoreline of the lake stretches 2,726 miles (4,387 km) (including islands).
Annual storms on Lake Superior regularly feature wave heights of over 20 feet (6 m). Waves well over 30 feet (9 m) have been recorded.
Lake Superior is fed by more than 200 rivers, including the Nipigon River, the St. Louis River, the Pigeon River, the Pic River, the White River, the Michipicoten River, the Bois Brule River and the Kaministiquia River. Lake Superior drains into Lake Huron via the St. Marys River. There are rapids at the river’s upper (Lake Superior) end, where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient. The Soo Locks enable ships to bypass the rapids and to overcome the 25-foot (8 m) height difference between Lakes Superior and Huron.
Severn River. In central Ontario, ts headwaters are located at the north end of Lake Couchiching. It drains Lake Couchiching and Lake Simcoe. The river flows generally northwest into Georgian Bay, a large bay of Lake Huron.
The Severn forms part of the inland canal system known as the Trent-Severn Waterway, which links Port Severn on Georgian Bay with Trenton on Lake Ontario via the Trent Canal. From the middle of the 19th century up until the completion of the canal in 1920, the Severn was used to transport logs to sawmills down river. There are two hydroelectric stations at falls located on its course.
The central Ontario Severn River is only 30 km (19 mi) long. The river services seasonal cottagers, as many of the properties are accessible only by boat. Some year-round residents live on the Severn. The river sees many yachts/cruisers travelling from Lake Couchiching to Georgian Bay, or vice versa.
Pukaskwa NP is located south of the town of Marathon. Established in 1978, Pukaskwa is known for its vistas of Lake Superior and boreal forests. The park covers an area of 1,878 square kilometres (725 sq mi), and protects part of the longest undeveloped shoreline anywhere on the Great Lakes.
The Hattie Cove Campground is located at the north end of the park and can be accessed via Highway 627, the only road access into the park. There are also a number of backcountry campsites located along the 60 km Coastal Hiking Trail which follows the north shore of Lake Superior. The Coastal Hiking Trail has two suspension bridges; one across the White River at Chigaamiwinigum and one across the Willow River. The Coastal Hiking Trail is part of the long-distance Voyageur Hiking Trail. Backcountry campsites are also located along the Coastal Paddling Route, the White River, and the Pukaskwa River.
Pebble Beach, Marathon, is a 2km stretch of beach loaded with deposits of huge rounded pebbles and driftwood. Smoothed by wave action, the large rocks are piled on the steep shoreline making for difficult walking, but the beach is really beautiful and was well worth stopping for rock hunting.
Nipigon Lake is part of the Great Lake drainage basin and the largest lake entirely within the boundaries of the Canadian province of Ontario. Lying 260 metres (853 ft) above sea level, the lake drains into the Nipigon River and thence into Nipigon Bay of Lake Superior. The lake and river are the largest tributaries of Lake Superior. It lies about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Lake Nipigon has a total area (including islands within the lake) of 4,848 square kilometres (1,872 sq mi), compared to 3,150 square kilometres (1,220 sq mi) for Lake of the Woods. The largest islands are Caribou Island, Geikie Island, Katatota Island, Kelvin Island, Logan Island, Murchison Island, Murray Island, and Shakespeare Island. Maximum depth is 165 metres (541 ft).
The lake is noted for its towering cliffs and unusual green-black sand beaches composed of the fine particles of a dark green mineral known as pyroxene. The lake basin provides an important habitat for woodland caribou.
In 1943 Canada and the United States agreed to the Ogoki diversion which diverts water into Lake Superior that would normally flow into James Bay and thence into Hudson Bay. The diversion connects the upper portion of the Ogoki River to Lake Nipigon. This water was diverted to support three hydroelectric plants on the Nipigon River. The diversion is governed by the International Lake Superior Board of Control which was established in 1914 by the International Joint Commission.
The aboriginal population (primarily Ojibwe) include the Animbiigoo Zaagi’igan Anishinaabek (Lake Nipigon Ojibway) First Nation, the Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging (Rocky Bay whose name changed in 1961 from McIntyre Bay Indian Band) Anishinaabek First Nation, the Bingwi Neyaashi (Sand Point) Anishinaabek First Nation, the Red Rock (Lake Helen) First Nation and the Gull Bay First Nation. Formerly, the Whitesand First Nation was also located along the northwestern shores of Lake Nipigon until they were relocated in 1942. The membership of these six First Nations total about 5,000. Additionally along Lake Nipigon, there are three Indian Reserves : McIntyre Bay IR 54 (Rocky Bay First Nation), Jackfish Island IR 57 and Red Rock (Parmachene) IR 53 (Red Rock First Nation).
Lake of the Woods occupies parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U.S. state of Minnesota. It separates a small land area of Minnesota from the rest of the United States. The Northwest Angle and the town of Angle Township can be reached from the rest of Minnesota only by crossing the lake or by traveling through Canada. The Northwest Angle is the northernmost part of the contiguous United States.
Lake of the Woods is fed by the Rainy River, Shoal Lake, Kakagi Lake and other smaller rivers. The lake drains into the Winnipeg River and then into Lake Winnipeg. Ultimately, its outflow goes north through the Nelson River to Hudson Bay.
Lake of the Woods is over 70 miles (110 km) long and wide, and contains more than 14,552 islands and 65,000 miles (105,000 km) of shoreline.
NOMAD MANIA Canada – Ontario West
Borders
Canada (AB, BC, MB, SK)-United States (MN, MT, ND, WA)
Canada (Ontario)-United States
Canada except Newfoundland (sea border/port)
XL
Lake Nipigon area (Ontario)
Ontario mainland Hudson Bay areas (Fort Severn)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: The Canadian (Toronto-Vancouver)
World of Nature
Albany River Provincial Park
Kopka River Provincial Park
Pipestone River Provincial Park
Polar Bear Provincial Park
Pukaskwa NP
Quetico Provincial Park
Wabakimi Provincial Park
Lakes
Lake of the Woods
Lake Superior
Nipigon Lake
Rivers: Severn River
Beaches: Marathon: Pebble beach
Cities of the Americas
THUNDER BAY
Airports: Thunder Bay (YQT)
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Fort William Historical Park
Monuments: Terry Fox Memorial
Maritime/Ship Museums: CCGS Alexander Henry