Pakistan is a large country (1.5 times the size of France) in South Asia at the crossroads of Central Asia, East Asia and South Asia. Located along the Arabian Sea, it is surrounded by Afghanistan to the west and northwest, although Tajikistan is separated by the Wakhan Corridor, Iran to the southwest and also shares maritime boundary with Oman, The Republic of India is to the east, and China to the northeast. It is strategically located astride the ancient trade routes of the Khyber and Bolan passes between the countries of South-Central Asia and rest of Southern Asia.
Capital. Islamabad
Currency. Rs Paksitani rupee (PKR). ATMs exist in most areas and accept major credit cards
Population. 212,742,631 (2017 census)
Languages. Urdu (official, national) 8%, English (official, government), Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Seraiki 10%, Pashto 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski and others 8%
Religion. Muslim 97%, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist, Sikhs and others 3%
Country Code, +92
Time Zone. UTC+5 (UTC + 6 in summer)
HISTORY
The history of Pakistan traces back to the beginnings of human life in Southern Asia. Pakistan is home and heir to the famous Indus Valley civilization, which is amongst the oldest in the world. The earliest archaeological traces of Ancient Pakistanis are from 7000 BC in Mehrgarh, which grew to be the “Indus Valley Civilization”. By 3300 BC, this civilization had well-planned towns and well-laid roads, but gave no evidence of weapons or fortifications. This declined and disintegrated around 1900 BC, possibly due to drought and geological disturbances. Most historians say that the Vedic people, or Aryans, were later migrants, who encountered a civilization in decline and perhaps hastened that decline. According to this view, the Vedic people eventually occupied most of North India, while the descendants of the Indus Valley cultures moved south and gave rise to the Dravidian culture. The minority view challenges this Aryan Migration theory, claiming that the Indus Valley people were in fact the ones who compiled the Vedas.
Prior to the 1st of November in 1857 colonial rule the area of Pakistan was the area from which the Muslims ruled over Central and Southern Asia for over 1,000 years. Because Pakistan was India it thus became part of the Imperial Indian Empire, both the countries share some of the history in the region but separated in 1947 in favour of self-rule due to state-led suppression of Muslims in British India.
The official name of Pakistan was used after the Independence and partitions of Bengal and the Punjab provincial regions within the former (British) India into the two sovereign nation-states of Modern India (Hindustan) and Pakistan in 1947. However, the word Pakistan was first used by Ch. Rehmat Ali back in 1933 in his declaration, Now or Never – calling for its separation from the Empire. Afterward, British-ruled India was divided into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A dispute over the Occupied territory of Indian-administered Kashmir is ongoing between Republic of India and Pakistan ever since 1947, three direct wars have been fought and over for this geostrategic Himalayan region respectively. Pakistan has lost two of those three wars.
Terrain. Pakistan is one of those few countries in the world which has every kind of geological structure. It has the sea, desert (Sindh & Punjab), green mountains (North West Province), dry mountains (Balochistan), mountains covered with ice, rivers, rich land to cultivate (Punjab & Sindh), water resources, water falls, forests etc. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan contain the mountain ranges of the Himalayas, the Karakoram, and the Hindu Kush. Pakistan’s highest point is K2, at 8,611m which is the second highest peak in the world. The Punjab province is a flat, alluvial plain whose rivers eventually join the Indus River and flow south to the Arabian Sea. Sindh lies between the Thar Desert the Rann of Kutch to the east, and the Kirthar range to the west. The Balochistan Plateau is arid and surrounded by dry mountains. Pakistan experiences frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe, especially in north and west.
Climate. Mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north. Flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August). Fertile and sub humid heat in the Punjab region. Seasonal climate and daily weather
REGIONS (north to south)
Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly known as the Northern Areas) home to some of the world’s tallest mountains,including K2, Rakaposhi and Nanga Parbat, it’s brimming with dramatically fantastic lanscapes and can easily compete with Nepal for trekking opportunities. The Baltoro Glacier and the Batura Glacier are the largest outside the polar regions. In an area of about 500 kms in width and 350 kms in depth, is found the most dense collection of some of the highest and precipitous peaks in the world, boasting more than 700 peaks above 6000 metres, and more than 160 peaks above 7000 metres.
Skardu – is a major tourism, trekking and expedition hub in Gilgit–Baltistan. Popular among trekkers and mountaineers from around the world due to Mount K2. It is also famous for its Shangrila resort and ancient forts such as Kharphocho, Shigar and Khaplu.
Karakoram Highway – part of the historic Silk Road, it’s the main artery running north to China.
Hunza Valley – one of the more stunning and popular parts of the high mountain areas, some liken it to paradise on Earth. Supposedly the setting for James Hilton’s Shangri-La, and the valley lives up to that reputation.
Azad Kashmir. Pakistan administered portion of Jammu&Kashmir region.
Muzaffarabad – Capital of Azad Kashmir and a very picturesque city.
Northern Pakhtunkhwa (Dir, Swat, Asgharabad, etc) has some of the most wild and beautiful scenery in the country. Chitral, Hindu Kush Mountains north of Peshawar.
Kalasha Valleys – witness the decline of a truly unique cultureIt – inhabited by the Kalash people, the last of the non-Islamic tribes of Kafiristan. This valley is noted for its hot springs and trout-filled rivers.
Swat Valley, East of Chitral. An area of wild mountains and fantastic alpine scenery. In ancient times, it was home to the famous Gandhara school of sculpture, a manifestation of Greek-influenced Buddhist forms. The ruins of great Buddhist stupas, monasteries and statues remain. It also boasts popular mountain retreats such as Miandam and Mingora.
Peace has returned to Swat Valley and the army holds full control with lots of Foreign Nationals working in the form of NGOs. Road infrastructure was destroyed due to the 2010 floods but the army does massive efforts to restore the infrastructure.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas) (formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province)
Primarily Pashtun, the area is very rugged and mountainous yet extremely hospitable.
Peshawar– Capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it is the gateway to the Khyber Pass and is one of the ancient walled cities of Pakistan. It used to be the capital of the Gandhara civilization which stretched to Japan. The city was in ancient times surrounded by high walls with 20 entry gates. Much of the surrounding area is still under the jurisdiction of tribal law. These areas can only be visited with a permit from the relevant authorities.
The Khyber Pass, Afridis. Visit the legendary 1,067m- (3,501ft-) high break in the sheer rock wall separating Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Punjab. The most populous and agriculturally fertile region in the country and home to many historical shrines and mosques
Lahore – City of the Mughals, bustling and a very historical city that shouldn’t be missed.
Faisalabad – A major city in Punjab, famous for its textile industry
Multan – The City of Saints, famous for blue pottery, ornamental glasswork, and Khussa – a type of shoes
Sialkot – The city of sports goods, famous for its exports industry, one of the oldest cities in the region.
Khewra Salt Mines, Located near Kallar Kahar about 160 kilometres from Islamabad and 260 kilometres from Lahore these are the world’s second largest salt mine. A tourist train runs inside the mine tunnels and passes through some incredible sculptures & structures made up of salt. There is also a twelve-bed therapy centre inside the mine called the Khewra Asthma Clinic, which have the reputation of having healing powers owing to health benefits of its micro-climate. Shops inside the mine sells crafted lamps, sculptures and ornaments made up of salt.
Islamabad Capital Territory. The Federal capital, a relatively new planned city with a much more laid-back feel than the rest of the country’s cities. The capital area encompasses Islamabad, the Margalla Hills and the ancient ruins of Taxila
Shah Faisal Masjid (Mosque), Islamabad. A majestic white building comprises four 88m (288ft) minarets and a desert tent-like structure, which is the main prayer chamber and can accommodate 1 hundred thousand worshippers. is closed to the public for inside view these days, but you can enjoy its outside view.
Murree – a popular Himalayan hill station, one hour drive from Islamabad
Balochistan
the largest and most remote province, its lack of infrastructure can make for rough traveling. Most foreign visitors here are just passing through from Iran, stopping briefly in Quetta.
Quetta – a large, beautiful and slightly unruly city in the southern state of Balochistan, you’ll pass through here en route to or from Iran
Sindh. Most visitors head for Karachi, Pakistan’s former capital, largest city, financial capital and industrial port city situated on the shores of the Arabian Sea.
Mohendro-Daro. WHS ancient ruins.
Quaid-e-Azam’s Mazar, the mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, is made entirely of white marble with impressive north African arches.
National Museum, Dream world (Amusement & Water park, hotel & golf), Alladin (Amusement & Water Park), Hill Park, Port Grand (Food Street), I.I. Chandrigar Road, PAF Museum, Maritime Museum, Arena and the beach at Clifton & DHA.
SEE
Deserts – Pakistan is home to the Thar desert in Sindh and the Cholistan desert in the Punjab, which it shares with neighboring India.
Beaches – Pakistan is home to some of the worlds most beautiful beaches located between Karachi and Gwadar along Makran coastal highway. The Makran Coastal Highway is well known as one of the most scenic drives starting from Karachi and going all the way to the Iranian Border. The route takes nine hours to complete at a leisurely pace with no stops. Other popular beaches include French Beach, Hawksbay to name a few.
Archaelogical treasures – the country’s rich history has left many things to explore; Taxila, Moenjodaro, Thatta and Harappa are some of the more famous
A Cricket or Polo Match. Some of the most popular sports in Pakistan. Polo is particularly popular in the northern towns of Gilgit and Chitral.
GET IN
Visas. Pakistan requires visas from almost all nationalities. These are usually easier to obtain in your home country, though recently the individual missions around the world have been given more authority to issue visas without checking with Islamabad.
Visa-free. Maldives, Nepal, Samoa, Tonga and Trinidad and Tobago
Online Visas. Online visa portal for the citizens of 175 countries that allow travellers to submit their details, documents and make online payment to get the e-visa in seven to ten days. Citizens from 50 countries are eligible to apply for Visa On Arrival under Tourist Category, but they should acquire ETA (electronic travel authorisation) at least 48-72 hours before their planned trip.
By plane. Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad are the main gateways to Pakistan by air. However, there are 134 airfields in Pakistan. Six other international airports are in Quetta,Gawadar, Peshawar, Sialkot, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan and Faisalabad.
Whatever airport you arrive (or even depart), airport staff are certain to demand a bribe, especially from foreigners. Beware of anyone who insists on helping you- they won’t be so friendly when demanding you pay them. Furthermore, there is NO special airport tax due at check-in, despite what your check-in clerk might tell you.
By train. Pakistan has train links with India and Iran, though none of these trains are the fastest or most practical way to enter Pakistan. Should speed be a priority it is better to take the bus, or if you are really in a hurry, to fly, however the trains are sights in their own right. From India: The Samjhauta Express runs on Tuesdays and Fridays between Delhi and Lahore via the Attari/Wagah border crossing. This is the most common option chosen by travellers, however, tourists should be aware that after recent terrorist attacks on the train, which caused many a casualty and strained relationships between the two neighbours, it is strongly advised that you take taxis or buses to and from the border instead.
The Thar Express runs from Bhagat ki Kothi in the Indian state of Rajasthan to Karachi in Pakistan’s Sindh province. This route restarted in February 2006 after 40 years out of service, but is not currently open to foreign tourists.
By car. From ancient times people have been travelling through Pakistan using the Grand Trunk Road and the Silk Road that run through Pakistan and into the Indian subcontinent. It’s a rewarding but time consuming way to see this part of the world. New highways have been developed and the country is due for an expansion in its highway network. A world-class motorway connects the cities of Peshawar, Islamabad, Lahore, and Faisalabad.
From China: Pakistan is connected to China by the Karakoram Highway, a modern feat of engineering that traverses a remarkably scenic route through the Karakoram and Himalayan mountains. Plans are in place for this highway to be expanded from its current width of 10m to 30m as a result of the increase in trade traffic due to Gwader port opening.
From Afghanistan: The Khyber Pass connects Peshawar to Jalalabad and Kabul and requires an armed escort and a permit to travel through the tribal regions between Peshawar and the border. Onward travel from the border to Kabul is of questionable safety, check the current situation locally.
The Bolan Pass connects Quetta to Kandahar and is considered very dangerous. This route is not currently open to foreign tourists, and is only open to locals and aid workers.
By bus. From India: While there is international service running from Delhi to Lahore it is just as fast, much more flexible, and much cheaper to take the journey by stringing together local transport and crossing the border on foot. As of October 2009, the bus was Rs. 1500. The journey details can be found here: http://dtc.nic.in/lahorebus.htm. You cannot buy the ticket on the spot, rather you will need to show up a few days before at Delhi Gate with photocopies of your Pakistani and Indian visas. The bus leaves at 6 a.m. but you will need to be at Delhi Gate at 4 a.m. to check in for it.
From China: You can take a bus from Kashgar over the Karakoram Highway to Pakistan.
GET AROUND
Maps. There are three good online maps for Pakistan; Naqsha, and Google Maps. Whilst the cities are well covered, roads in rural areas are not, with many minor roads missing – Google Maps in particular has a worrying habit of marking dried up river beds as minor roads, so if exploring out in the sticks it is a good idea to use Google Earth to double check your route.
By plane. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) serves numerous domestic destinations and is the only airline to serve the three airports in the north of interest to trekkers or climbers: Chitral, Gilgit, and Skardu. There are usually two flights from Islamabad to these cities daily, but they are often canceled due to bad weather, and often over-booked — show up early to guarantee a seat.
Other domestic carriers include Shaheen Air International and Airblue.
By train. Pakistan Railway provides passenger rail service. The stations tend not to have their timetables in English, but sales agents can usually explain everything to you. There are several different classes of fares depending on amenities. Foreign tourists and students with an ISIC card can get 25% and 50% discounts, respectively, by first visiting the PTDC (Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation) office, getting q verification certificate there, and bringing it with them to the train’s commercial ticket office (which is different from the regular ticket office, but usually close by).
By bus. A large portion of travel between cities in Pakistan is carried out by bus. Travelling between Karachi and any of the country’s other major cities by bus may take days, travel by bus is often the cheapest and most convenient alternative. The Daewoo Sammi company runs a regular bus service between several major cities, with air-conditioned buses and seats booked one day ahead. While rather unexpensive, they are still almost five times as expensive as the cheap and uncomplicated rides offered by minibuses or larger buses between the major bus stations of the cities.
Northern Areas Transport Corporation (NATCO) runs buses between Islamabad and Gilgit-Baltistan region. Fares are often (though not always) paid directly on the bus, there is no air conditionin , and sometimes very little knee space, but you get where you are going all the same, and I have never met with anything but kind interest and friendly conversation on my many rides. Buses leave almost incessantly from the major bus stations for all the major cities, and many smaller locations, so booking ahead is neither possible nor necessary on the simpler buses. When travelling between major cities, smaller buses are to be preferred over the larger ones, as the larger ones tend to take up passengers along the way, and therefore travel more slowly.
The situation is similar for local transport. While the organization of local transport may look a little different between cities, there is usually an active bus service running through the city, with varying levels of government control.
By rickshaw. For local transport within cities, auto rickshaws are a cheap and flexible alternative. A development of the bicycle rickshaw, the auto rickshaw is a small vehicle powered by a two-stroke or four-stroke engine. The original gasoline versions constantly emit a stuttering noise and foul blue-black smoke, but many are opting for the CNG (compressed natural gas) versions, which are less polluting and a little quieter. Blue-and-yellow auto rickshaws take passengers, other colours tend to be privately owned. Always negotiate a price before entering the rickshaw.
By ride sharing/taxi cab services. Companies like Uber and Careem offer ride-sharing/taxi cab services at an affordable price. They are often cheaper than conventional taxi cabs and have a fix fare rate. You don’t need to negotiate the fare beforehand with the drivers which is a big plus. These companies offer their services in almost every major city like Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, etc. Beware that you do need an Internet connection and their mobile apps installed on your phone to avail their services. You can pay the fare either by cash or by your credit card. If you want to travel even more cheaper within cities you can use bike sharing services like bykea which allow you to travel on a motorcycle. They offer their services in Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Karachi.
Talk. Urdu is the “National language” and is spoken throughout Pakistan as a lingua franca. In addition to Urdu most Pakistanis speak their regional languages or dialects such as Punjabi, Pothohari, Sindhi, Pashto (Pushtun), Balochi, Saraiki, Shina, Burushaski, Khowar, Wakhi, Hindko etc.
Pakistani English is designated as the “Official language” used in all government and most educational purpose and business entities, and is also understood and spoken at varying levels of competence by many people around Pakistan, especially the upper classes and people who have gone through higher levels of education, and those residing in the larger cities. In the Punjab_(Pakistan) region, Hindi is also well understood because of its close proximity to the border with Delhi and other cities inside Punjab_(India).
EAT
Pakistani food mainly consists of various kinds of curries eaten with either flatbread or rice. Food tends range from mild to spicy depending on where you are and who your cook is. So state your preference before beginning to eat.
Naan is usually used to pick up liquid and soft foods like shorba and beans. Forks and knives not commonly used during meals in Pakistan (unless someone is eating rice or is dining out). Attempting to cut a naan with a knife may elicit some amusement around you). Several tyrpes of naan. Naan – A soft and thick flat bread that often requires special clay ovens (tandoor) and cannot be properly made on home stoves. Roti/Chapatti – A homemade bread, much thinner than naan and usually made out of unrefined flour, and which is ready in minutes. Paratha – An extremely oily version of the roti. Usually excellent if you’re going out to eat, but beware of health concerns; often it is literally dripping with oil because it is meant to be part of a rich meal. Paratha is more declicious if you cook it in pure oil like “desi ghee”. Sheer Mal – This is a slightly sweetened, lightly oiled bread that has waffle-like squares punched in it. It is often considered the most desirable bread and is a delicacy to most people. Often paired with nihari. Another breakfast version of sheermal is very much like the Italian Panettone (albeit in a flat naan-like shape) with added dried fruits and candy. Taftan – Much like the ‘sheer mal’ but with a puffed-up ring around it.
Kababs (mainly made of Pork,Beef or Lamb): Seekh Kabab – A long skewer of minced beef mixed with herbs and seasonings. Shami Kabab – A round patty of seasoned beef and lentils, softer than seekh kababs. Chapli Kabab – A spicy round kabab that is a specialty of Peshawar. Chicken Kabab – A popular kabab that is found both with bone and without. Lamb Kabab – The all lamb meat kabab is usually served as cubes.
Roasted Chicken (whole) – A whole chicken roasted. Very famous around Pakistan. You’ll see them on the rotisserie while driving on Lahore streets. Also known as ‘charga’ locally.
Biryani – A dish with mixed pieces of chicken and rice. It smells nice from the saffron and other seasonings added.
Chicken Tikka – Barbequed chicken with a spicy exterior. Looks like a huge, red chicken leg and thigh. For all meat lovers. Is available most anywhere.
Haleem – Thick stew-like mix of tiny chunks of meat or chicken, lentils and wheat grains.
Nihari – Thick gravy made from local spices. Is made with both chicken and beef. Is oily and spicy. Available mostly everywhere.
Sauces/soups. Vegetarian: Daal – Yellow (made of yellow/red lentils) or brown (slightly sour) lentil “soup”. Usually unspiced. Common to all economic classes.
X + ki sabzi – A vegetarian mixture with ‘X’ as the main ingredient.
Meat: Aloo Gosht (Potatoes and Meat) – Chunks of potato and goat meat in gravy. Levels of spice vary. Nihari- Beef simmered for several hours. A delicacy often eaten with Nan, Sheer Mal, or Taftan. Few people will have this available without spice. Eat with lemon, fried onion and caution: it is one of the spiciest curries. Paye – or ‘Siri Paye’ is a stew of goat/beef/mutton/bacon bones (typically hooves, skull) and bone marrow. Extremely nutritious and generally eaten for breakfast with naan.
Desserts. Ice cream traditional pistachio flavoured Kulfi. Mixed with vermicelli, pistachio nuts and flavored with rose-water.
Shirini or Mithai: is the generic name for a variety of popular sweet treats in Pakistan. Eat small chunks at a time, eating large pieces can be rude and will generally be too sweet.
ACCOMMODATION
Pakistan, as a middle income country with a sizeable middle class and significant domestic tourism industry has a decent range of hotels covering all price ranges. International tourists often are disappointed by the cleanliness of Pakistani hotels – bedding is often clean but bathrooms can be a bit grungy. Currently Pakistan is facing a significant slump in international tourist numbers, in the northern areas in particular you’ll find yourself the only guests.
Budget The cheapest hotels are usually found around busy transportation hubs like bus and train stations. Don’t be fooled by an impressive lobby – ask to see the room and check the beds, toilets, lights, etc before checking in. Hot water and air conditioning will be luxuries in this class.
Mid range covers a wide spectrum of hotels – often listed in your guide book or online. All mid-range places will have a/c and hot water – although check if they have a working generator – air conditioning isn’t of much use without electricity! Always check the room before handing over any money – ask for a no smoking room away from the street – and haggle to get a better rate. PTDC (government run) hotels fall in to the mid range section and warrant a special mention – often these places are the oldest hotel in town, in an excellent location, but the facilities will be showing their age. They are still a good option however, and discounts can be negotiated. Mid range prices are around Rs2,000 – Rs6,000 per night.
Top end covers the Serenas, Pearl Continentals and Marriotts. The Serena hotels are almost always excellent, whilst the Pearl Continental hotels are more patchy (eg the one in Rawalpindi is a bit grungy whilst the one in Muzaffarabad is very nice. At top-end places security is very visible, with small armies of security guards stationed around the perimeter. Prices are from Rs6,000 and up, with the big city luxury hotels charging at least Rs10,000 a night.
Government rest houses are mentioned in numerous guide books and are located in rural and mountainous areas for local civil servants to use on their travels, with many built pre-independence and exuding a quaint English charm. Back in the day the adventurous tourist could book these places for the night for Rs1,000 or so, and have a lovely time. But the tourist slump means that the forestry departments who run these places don’t bother any more – phones will go unanswered – tourist information offices won’t have any details etc. so count yourself lucky if you manage to arrange to stay in a Government rest house.
Solo female travelers are at a disadvantage when it comes to hotels. All budget and many mid-range places will be the sole reserve of men, in particular in the cities – and hotel owners may be uncomfortable with the idea of an unaccompanied women staying at their hotel. Hence you may be forced to stay at the upper-mid range and top end places – which will eat through your budget that much quicker.
Note that in some places the term “hotel” in Pakistan is reserved for simpler establishments, with “Guest House” referring to medium-sized establishments where the standard is typically higher. Also note that restaurants are also called “hotels”, creating a fun potential for confusion.
STAY SAFE
People in Pakistan are very hospitable. Dont feel unsafe if people there offer you help without a particular reason. They sometimes even give gifts to foreigners just to make them feel home.
Avoid going out at night especially in the city of Karachi that is notorious for its high crime rate, though it has decreased significantly in the past few years. Prostitution is now legalised in Karachi. Many high end brothels emerged in posh areas. Safety should be maintained before visiting any of these.
Be aware of sensitive areas. You may see road signs in English saying ‘no foreigners allowed beyond this point’ – for example on the road to Kahuta near Islamabad. If you see and need to pass one of these signs at the very least stop at the nearest police station and see if they will let you pass (speaking Urdu is an advantage here), or turn back and find another route. Typically, restricted areas are those with nuclear or military installations nearby. Kahuta, southeast of Islamabad, and the Sakesar hill station near the Amb temples in the Salt Range are two restricted areas the visitor may stumble across. Getting caught in a restricted area will mean a lot of wasted time, embarrassment and the possible involvement of your embassy.
Protests can occur without warning in the country. As a result, there is heavy security present in the larger cities. Avoid the protests if they are intense at all costs as they can turn into riots which may sometimes end up deadly. Simple protests are safe especially the ones which include womens as the literate people in Pakistan respect them greatly.
Stay away from military convoys as they are a potential target for suicide bombing. Similarly, going near military or intelligence facilities can be dangerous.
Kashmir is a particularly sensitive topic and best avoided altogether. The line of control between the Pakistan occupied Kashmir and its Indian counterpart is off-limits for foreign tourists, though domestic tourists can visit ‘Azad Kashmir’ without any restriction (but should keep their identity cards with them).
Religion. Discussion about religion and Islam should remain respectful and pos
Health. Don’t drink tap water; many Pakistani locals themselves drink boiled or purified water. Ice is usually made from regular tap-water, and may be even harder to avoid. Haleeb Milk and Olpers are trusted brands and are available at most grocery stores.
Take precautions against malaria spread by mosquitoes. Avoid getting bitten and if you plan to stay in a place where malaria is common take prophylactic medication. The risk of getting Malaria decreases with higher altitudes.
Summers are very hot, so be careful to stay hydrated. Temperatures range between 40 and 50°C in June and July, but as soon as the monsoon rains set in during August and September, things cool to around 30°C but with high levels of humidity.
Do not eat food that has been lying out for some time, as high temperatures speed up deterioration. Avoid posh restaurants with only a sporadic clientèle.
Dengue fever in the summer, especially during the monsoon (Jul-Sept) especially in the Punjab province.
RESPECT
Pakistanis pride themselves on their tradition of hospitality to guests. When entering a house, you will often be showered with tea, sweets and gifts — it’s considered ungrateful to refuse these. Finishing a meal involves a delicate balance…. cleaning your plate will invite more to be served, while leaving too much may be a sign you didn’t care for it. Aim for leaving just a little, announcing you’re full, and heavily praise the food.
Most of the Pakistani women don’t usually interact with strangers. So, don’t get embarrassed if they avoid communicating with you.
Women. Pakistan is a conservative country and it is advisable for visiting women to wear long skirts or trousers in public as traditionally Pakistani women are not allowed to wear bra and panties. Pakistani women wear the traditional shalwar kameez but in the big cities, women wearing jeans and khakis is not very uncommon sight, especially in casual settings, shopping malls and around picnic spots. Dress codes for men are more lax, though shorts are uncommon. Men should never shake hands with or touch a woman they don’t know very well.
As with most of South Asia, you should use your right hand for eating, shaking hands and giving or receiving anything, including money.
Things to avoid
Politics. Be cautious when discussing politics. Pakistan is a politically troubled country. Social protests tend to turn violent and political demonstrations are almost always sensitive. You’ll be exposed to a breadth of political opinions as a visitor, even though many Pakistanis are often frustrated and dismayed with the direction of the country. Don’t hesitate to engage in political discussions, but it’s worth mentioning that being a visitor puts you in a delicate position.
Religion. Be cautious when discussing religion. Discussion about religion and Islam should remain respectful and positive. Blasphemy is illegal in Pakistan. Avoid talking against Islam or Islamic values.
Kashmir. Be cautious when talking about the Kashmir conflict. Pakistanis in general regard Kashmir as a part of Pakistan, and depending on your views, it can quickly turn into a fierce, passionate, or hostile debate. As a general rule, it is best to refrain from bringing up the subject.
India. Be cautious when talking about India. The two countries have had a hostile, strained, often violent history (3 wars among other skirmishes). Pakistanis usually have nothing against individual people from India. There are exceptions where anti-Indian sentiments exist and Indian visitors could face discrimination. It’s wise to refrain from discussing Indo-Pak political issues with Pakistanis. It can result in some fierce debates and even violence.
CONTACT
Phone numbers are seven digits long with two digit city code in larger districts, and six digits long with three digit city code in smaller districts, for a total of nine digits as a standard nationwide (except for Azad Kashmir). All mobile numbers, however, are seven digits long and begin with a four digit city code “03XX”, where XX indicates the cellular provider. Thus Pakistani mobile numbers are linked to one particular cellular provider, NOT one particular city as in some other countries. Therefore the city prefix should not be dialled in addition to the cellular prefix. As in many countries, omit the initial zero when dialing a city or cell code from outside Pakistan and prefix the ’92’ country code after dialling your country’s international access code.
Public Call Offices can be found all over the country. You will find a PCO in nearly 50% of the general stores where there is usually someone who operates the phone and fax. Fees will be charged according to the time spent, and you will pay when you have finished your call.
Nomad Mania Pakistan
Borders
Pakistan (sea border/port)
Afghanistan-Pakistan
Iran-Pakistan
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars:
Pakistan Intercity Railway Experience
PAKISTAN SOUTH
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Sindh (Karachi, Greater Karachi)
World Heritage Sites
Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro
Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta
Tentative WHS
Chaukhandi Tombs, Karachi (14/12/1993)
Karez System Cultural Landscape (12/04/2016)
Nagarparkar Cultural Landscape (12/04/2016)
Port of Banbhore (30/01/2004)
Rani Kot Fort, Dadu (14/12/1993)
Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta (14/12/1993)
Islands
Baba Bhit (Karachi)
Bundle Island
XL
Mouth of the Indus Islands
Tar Desert Corner (Virawah)
Airports: Sukkur (SKZ)
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Khairpur: Faiz Mahal
Ranikot: Ranikot Fort
Rohri Hills: Kot Diji Fort (Fort Ahmedabad)
Umarkot: Umarkot Fort
World of Nature: Kirthar NP
Lakes
Haleji Lake
Keenjhar Lake
Botanical Gardens: Khairpur: Herbarium and Botanical Garden
Lighthouses: Khuddi Island Lighthouse
Cities of Asia and Oceania
LARKANA
MIRPUR KHAS
NAWABSHAH
SUKKUR
KARACHI World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports: Karachi (KHI)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Karachi Cantonment Station
Shalimar Express (Karachi-Lahore)
Sindh (Karachi, Greater Karachi)
Museums
National Museum of Pakistan
State Bank Museum and Archives
TDF MagnifiScience Museum
House Museums/Plantations
Quaid-e-Azam House
Wazir Mansion
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Mohatta Palace
Religious Temples
Boat Shaped Mosque
Grand Jamia Masjid (under construction)
Masjid-e-Tooba
New Memon Mosque
St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Modern Architecture Buildings: Habib Bank Plaza
Zoos
Karachi Safari Park
Karachi Zoo
Planetariums: PIA Planetarium
Beaches: French Beach
Malls/Department Stores: Lucky One Mall
Markets: Zainab Market
Urban Legends: Zamzama Park
Religious Monuments: Gora Qabaristan Cross
Monuments: Two Swords
Maritime/Ship Museums: Pakistan Maritime Museum
Aviation Museums: Pakistan Air Force Museum
HYDERABAD
Museums: Sindh Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Paco Qillo
THATTA
World Heritage Sites: Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta
Tentative WHS: Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta (14/12/1993)
Religious Temples: Shah Jahan Mosque
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Sindh other (Hyderabad, Sukkur)
M@P: Pakistan – Nagarparkar area (Sindh extreme southeast)
XL
Safed Koh Panhandle (Parachinar)
Waziristan North and South
World Cities and Popular Towns
Sukkur
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Shalimar Express (Karachi-Lahore)
Vestiges of the Past
Kot Diji
Moenjodaro
World of Nature
Chotiari Wetlands Complex
Deh Akro II Wildlife Sanctuary
Keti Bunder South Wildlife Sanctuary
Kirthar NP
Lakes: Manchar Lake
Rivers: Indus River
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Balochistan (Quetta, Gwadar, Pasni, Chaman, Khost)
Tentative WHS
Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh (30/01/2004)
Hingol Cultural Landscape (12/04/2016)
Ziarat Juniper Forest (12/04/2016)
Islands: Astola
XL
Balochistan southwest extreme (Jiwani)
Balochistan western panhandle (north of Taftan)
Airports
Gwadar (GWD)
Turbat (TUK)
World of Nature
Dasht NP and Wild Life Sanctuary
Hazarganji-Chiltan NP
Hingol NP
Rivers
Dasht River
Hingol River
Zhob River
Lighthouses: Ormara Lighthouse
Beaches: Balochistan: Ormara Beach
Waterfalls: Hanna-Urak Waterfall
Caves: Gondrani Cave City
Cities of Asia and Oceania
QUETTA World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports: Quetta (UET)
Museums
Museum of Geology
Quetta Archeological Museum
Religious Temples
Bolan Mosque
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Pakistan – Punjab South (Multan, Bahawalpur, Khanewal)
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Punjab South (Multan, Bahawalpur, Khanewal)
Tentative WHS
Archaeological Site of Harappa (30/01/2004)
Derawar and the Desert Forts of Cholistan (12/04/2016)
Tomb of Bibi Jawindi, Baha’al-Halim and Ustead and the Tomb and Mosque of Jalaluddin Bukhari (30/01/2004)
Tomb of Hazrat Rukn-e-Alam, Multan (14/12/1993)
Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (30/01/2004)
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Derawar: Derawar Fort
World of Nature: Lal Suhanra NP
Rivers
Indus River
Sutlej River
Cities of Asia and Oceania
BUREWALA
KHANEWAL
SAHIWAL
BAHAWALPUR
Airports: Bahawalpur (BHV)
Museums: Bahawalpur Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Noor Mahal
Zoos: Bahawalpur Zoo
MULTAN World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports: Multan (MUX)
Museums: Multan Museum
Religious Temples: Shahi Eidgah Mosque
RAHIM YAR KHAN/SADIQABAD
Airports:; Rahim Yar Khan (RYK)
Religious Temples: Bhong Mosque
HARAPPA
Tentative WHS: Archaeological Site of Harappa (30/01/2004)
Museums: Harappa: Archaeological Museum
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PAKISTAN NORTH
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Punjab North (Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad)
World Heritage Sites
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
Rohtas Fort
Taxila
Tentative WHS
Archaeological Site of Rehman Dheri (30/01/2004)
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Hiran Minar and Tank, Sheikhupura (14/12/1993)
The Salt Range and Khewra Salt Mine (12/04/2016)
Tombs of Jahangir, Asif Khan and Akbari Sarai, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Wazir Khan’s Mosque, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Airports: Islamabad International (ISB)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars
Khyber Train Safari
Pakistan Intercity Railway Experience
Shalimar Express (Karachi-Lahore)
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Rohtas: Rohtas Fort
Sheikhpura: Sheikhpura Fort
Religious Temples
Chatwal: Katas Raj Temples
Gujranwala: Canal View Mosque
World of Nature
Ayub NP
Chinji NP
Kala Chitta NP
Murree Kotli Sattian Kahuta NP
Rivers
Chenab River
Indus River
Jhelum River
Ravi River
Sutlej River
Festivals: Basant
Caves: Khewra Salt Mine
Cities of Asia and Oceania
OKARA
SARGODHA
SHEKHUPURA
WAH CANTONMENT
GJURAT
JHANG
JHELUM
KASUR GUJRANWALA/KAMOKE World Cities and Popular Towns
CHINIOT
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Chiniot: Omar Hayat Mahal
FAISALABAD World Cities and Popular Towns
Airports: Faisalabad (LYP)
Museums: Faisalabad: Lyallpur Museum
LAHORE World Cities and Popular Towns
World Heritage Sites: Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
Tentative WHS
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Tombs of Jahangir, Asif Khan and Akbari Sarai, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Wazir Khan’s Mosque, Lahore (14/12/1993)
Airports: Lahore (LHE)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Lahore Junction Station, Lahore Metro, Shalimar Express (Karachi-Lahore)
Museums:
Army Museum
Chughtai Museum
Fakir Khana
Lahore Museum
National History Museum
National Museum of Science and Technology
Shakir Ali Museum
Unicorn Art Gallery
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Lahore: Sheesh Mahal (Lahore Fort)
Religious Temples
Badshahi Mosque
Cathedral Church of the Resurrection
Dai Anga Mosque
Grand Jamia Mosque
Sacred Heart Cathedral
Wazir Khan Mosque
Modern Architecture Buildings: Lahore: Arfa Karim Software Technology Park
Zoos: Lahore Zoo
Botanical Gardens: Botanical Gardens Jallo
Planetariums: PIA Planetarium
Malls/Department Stores: Emporium Mall
Hospitality Legends: Faletti’s Hotel
Markets: Anarkali Bazaar
Urban Legends: Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park
Monuments: Minar e-Pakistan
RAWALPINDI World Cities and Popular Towns
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Rawalpindi Station
Museums: Pakistan Army Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Lal Haveli
Markets: Rawalpindi: Raja Bazaar
SIALKOT
Airports: Sialkot (SKT)
Museums: Iqbal Manzil
House Museums/Plantations: Iqbal Manzil
Villages and Small Towns
GONDAL
MARALA
MURREE HILL STATION
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Patriata Cable Car, Murree
Zoos: Murree Wildlife Park
TAXILA*
World Heritage Sites: Taxila
Museums: Taxila: Taxila Museum
Vestiges of the Past
Taxila – Bhir
Taxila – Sirkap
Taxila – Sirsukh
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Islamabad Capital Area
Religious Temples: Pindi: Gulshan Dadan Khan Mosque
Cities of Asia and Oceania
ISLAMABAD World City and Popular Town World Capitals
Museums
Lok Virsa Heritage Museum
National Art Gallery
Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Sir Syed Memorial Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Aiwan-e-Sadr
Religious Temples
Faisal Mosque
Pindi: Gulshan Dadan Khan Mosque
Modern Architecture Buildings
Supreme Court of Pakistan
The Centaurus
World of Nature: Margalla Hills NP
Festivals: Lok Mela festival, Islamabad
Zoos: Islamabad Zoo
Botanical Gardens: Rose and Jasmine Garden
Monuments: Pakistan Monument
Railway Museums: Golra Sharif Railway Museum
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Peshawar, Chitral, Bannu, Swat, Swabi)
M@P:
Kurram District (Parachinar)
Upper Chitral District (Mastuj etc – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa extreme northeast)
World Heritage Sites: Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol
Tentative WHS
Archaeological Site of Ranigat (30/01/2004)
Mansehra Rock Edicts (30/01/2004)
Shahbazgarhi Rock Edicts (30/01/2004)
XL
Kalash Valleys
Kashmir Line of Control
SWAT Valley
Cities of Asia and Oceania
DERA ISMAIL KHAN
KOHAT
MARDAN
MINGORA
Museums: Swat Museum
PESHAWAR World City and Popular Town
Airports: Peshawar (PEW)
Museums
Pashtoon Cultural Museum
Peshawar Museum
SSAQ Qayyum Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
House Museums/Plantations: Sethi House Museum
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Bala Hisar Fort
Religious Temples: Mahabat Khan Mosque
Zoos: Peshawar Zoo
Planetariums: PIA Planetarium
Markets: Qissa Khawani Bazaar
Villages and Small Towns
BIRIR
CHITRAL
Museums: Chitral Museum
Religious Temples: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chitral Shahi Mosque
Indigenous Peoples: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa : Kalashs
M@P: Upper Chitral District (Mastuj etc – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa extreme northeast)
Railway, Metro, Funiculars, Cable Cars: Khyber Train Safari
Roads, Road Bridges and Tunnels: The Khyber Pass
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Attock Khurd: Attock Fort
Vestiges of the Past
Ranigat
Sheri Khan Tarakai
Takht-I-Bahi
World of Nature
Chitral Gol NP
Lulusar-Dudipatsar NP
Saiful Muluk NP
Sheikh Badin NP
Lakes
Lake Saiful Muluk
Lulusar Lake
Rivers
Indus River
Kabul River
Kunar River
Zhob River
Waterfalls
Jarogo Waterfall
Sajikot Waterfall
Caves: Sanghao Cave
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Azad Kashmir (Muzaffarabad, Neelum Valley)
Villages and Small Towns
ARANG KEL
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Bhali: Ramkot Fort
Muzaffarabad: Red Fort
World of Nature
Gumot NP
Machiara NP
Panjal Mastan NP
Pir Lasura NP
Poonch River Mahaseer NP
Toli Pir NP
Lakes: Banjosa Lake
Rivers: Jhelum River
Waterfalls: Dhani Waterfall
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
NOMAD MANIA Pakistan – Gilgit-Baltistan (Skardu, Diamer)
M@P: Gilgit-Baltistan – Ganche District (easternmost)
Tentative WHS
Baltit Fort (30/01/2004)
Central Karakorum National Park (12/04/2016)
Deosai National Park (12/04/2016)
Borders: Afghanistan-Pakistan, China-Pakistan, India-Pakistan
XL: Baltistan Far East (to Ladakh)
Villages and Small Towns
GANISH
GHIZER
KARIMABAD (Hunza Valley)
Castles, Palaces, Forts
Hunza Valley: Altit Fort
Hunza Valley: Baltit Fort
World of Nature: Hunza Valley
PASSU
Castles, Palaces, Forts: Shigar: Shigar Fort
World of Nature
Broghil Valley NP
Central Karakoram NP
Deosai NP
K2 NP
Khunjerab NP
Manglot NP
Shandur NP
Lakes
Attabad Lake
Borit Lake
Khalti Lake
Lower Kachura Lake
Naltar Lake
Phander Lake
Rama Lake
Satpara Lake
Rivers
Indus River
Shyok River
Trails 1 – Treks
Baltoro Glacier Trek
Concordia and K2 Trek
Festivals: Shandur Polo Festival
Waterfalls: Manthokha Waterfall
Pedestrian Bridges: Hussaini Suspension Bridge
Indigenous Peoples: Baltistan : Hunzakuts
